Liquid-crystal medium

ABSTRACT

A liquid-crystal (LC) material having negative dielectric anisotropy and the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, such as for example in LC displays, in particular energy saving displays based on the ECB, IPS or FFS effect, where the liquid crystal medium contains one or more compounds of formula Iand one or more compounds compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID

The present invention relates to liquid-crystal (LC) media having negative dielectric anisotropy and to the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays.

One of the liquid-crystal display (LCD) modes used at present is the TN (“twisted nematic”) mode. However, TN LCDs have the disadvantage of a strong viewing-angle dependence of the contrast.

In addition, so-called VA (“vertically aligned”) displays are known which have a broader viewing angle. The LC cell of a VA display contains a layer of an LC medium between two transparent electrodes, where the LC medium usually has a negative dielectric anisotropy. In the switched-off state, the molecules of the LC layer are aligned perpendicular to the electrode surfaces (homeotropically) or have a tilted homeotropic alignment. On application of an electrical voltage to the two electrodes, a realignment of the LC molecules parallel to the electrode surfaces takes place.

Also known are so-called IPS (“in-plane switching”) displays, which contain an LC layer between two substrates, where the two electrodes are arranged on only one of the two substrates and preferably have intermeshed, comb-shaped structures. On application of a voltage to the electrodes, an electric field which has a significant component parallel to the LC layer is thereby generated between them. This causes realignment of the LC molecules in the layer plane.

Furthermore, so-called FFS (“fringe-field switching”) displays have been reported (see, inter alia, S. H. Jung et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Volume 43, No. 3, 2004, 1028), which contain two electrodes on the same substrate, one of which is structured in a comb-shaped manner and the other is unstructured. A strong, so-called “fringe field” is thereby generated, i.e., a strong electric field close to the edge of the electrodes, and, throughout the cell, an electric field which has both a strong vertical component and also a strong horizontal component. FFS displays have a low viewing-angle dependence of the contrast. FFS displays usually contain an LC medium with positive dielectric anisotropy, and an alignment layer, usually of polyimide, which provides planar alignment to the molecules of the LC medium.

FFS displays can be operated as active-matrix or passive-matrix displays. In the case of active-matrix displays, individual pixels are usually addressed by integrated, non-linear active elements, such as, for example, transistors (for example thin-film transistors (“TFTs”)), while in the case of passive-matrix displays, individual pixels are usually addressed by the multiplex method, as known from the prior art.

Furthermore, FFS displays have been disclosed (see S. H. Lee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(20), 1998, 2882-2883 and S. H. Lee et al., Liquid Crystals 39(9), 2012, 1141-1148), which have similar electrode design and layer thickness as FFS displays but comprise a layer of an LC medium with negative dielectric anisotropy instead of an LC medium with positive dielectric anisotropy. The LC medium with negative dielectric anisotropy shows a more favorable director orientation that has less tilt and more twist orientation compared to the LC medium with positive dielectric anisotropy, as a result of which these displays have a higher transmission. The displays further comprise an alignment layer, preferably of polyimide provided on at least one of the substrates that is in contact with the LC medium and induces planar alignment of the LC molecules of the LC medium. These displays are also known as “Ultra Brightness FFS (UB-FFS)” mode displays. These displays require an LC medium with high reliability.

In VA displays of the more recent type, uniform alignment of the LC molecules is restricted to a plurality of relatively small domains within the LC cell. Disclinations may exist between these domains, also known as tilt domains. VA displays having tilt domains have, compared with conventional VA displays, a greater viewing-angle independence of the contrast and the grey shades. In addition, displays of this type are simpler to produce since additional treatment of the electrode surface for uniform alignment of the molecules in the switched-on state, such as, for example, by rubbing, is no longer necessary. Instead, the preferential direction of the tilt or pretilt angle is controlled by a special design of the electrodes.

In so-called MVA (“multidomain vertical alignment”) displays, this is usually achieved by the electrodes having protrusions which cause a local pretilt. As a consequence, the LC molecules are aligned parallel to the electrode surfaces in different directions in different, defined regions of the cell on application of a voltage. “Controlled” switching is thereby achieved, and the formation of interfering disclination lines is prevented. Although this arrangement improves the viewing angle of the display, it results, however, in a reduction in its transparency to light. A further development of MVA uses protrusions on only one electrode side, while the opposite electrode has slits, which improves the transparency to light. The slitted electrodes generate an inhomogeneous electric field in the LC cell on application of a voltage, meaning that controlled switching is still achieved. For further improvement of the transparency to light, the separations between the slits and protrusions can be increased, but this in turn results in a lengthening of the response times. In so-called PVA (“patterned VA”) displays, protrusions are rendered completely superfluous in that both electrodes are structured by means of slits on the opposite sides, which results in increased contrast and improved transparency to light but is technologically difficult and makes the display more sensitive to mechanical influences (“tapping”, etc.). For many applications, such as, for example, monitors and especially TV screens, however, a shortening of the response times and an improvement in the contrast and luminance (transmission) of the display are demanded.

A further development are displays of the so-called PS (“polymer sustained”) or PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type, for which the term “polymer stabilised” is also occasionally used. In these, a small amount (for example 0.3% by weight, typically <1% by weight) of one or more polymerisable, compound(s), preferably polymerisable monomeric compound(s), is added to the LC medium and, after filling the LC medium into the display, is polymerised or crosslinked in situ, usually by UV photopolymerisation, optionally while a voltage is applied to the electrodes of the display. The polymerisation is carried out at a temperature where the LC medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase, usually at room temperature. The addition of polymerisable mesogenic or liquid-crystalline compounds, also known as reactive mesogens or “RMs”, to the LC mixture has proven particularly suitable.

In the meantime, the PS(A) principle is being used in various conventional LC display modes. Thus, for example, PS-VA, PS-OCB, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS and PS-TN displays are known. The polymerisation of the RMs preferably takes place with an applied voltage in the case of PS-VA and PS-OCB displays, and with or without, preferably without, an applied voltage in the case of PS-IPS displays. As can be demonstrated in test cells, the PS(A) method results in a pretilt in the cell. In the case of PS-VA displays, the pretilt has a positive effect on response times. For PS-VA displays, a standard MVA or PVA pixel and electrode layout can be used. In addition, however, it is also possible, for example, to manage with only one structured electrode side and no protrusions, which significantly simplifies production and at the same time results in very good contrast and in very good transparency to light.

PS-VA displays are described, for example, in EP 1 170 626 A2, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,861,107, 7,169,449, US 2004/0191428 A1, US 2006/0066793 A1 and US 2006/0103804 A1. PS-OCB displays are described, for example, in T.-J- Chen et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2006, 2702-2704 and S. H. Kim, L.-C- Chien, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 2004, 7643-7647. PS-IPS displays are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,177,972 and Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75(21), 3264. PS-TN displays are described, for example, in Optics Express 2004, 12(7), 1221.

Below the layer formed by the phase-separated and polymerised RMs which induce the above mentioned pretilt angle, the PSA display typically contains an alignment layer on one or both of the substrates forming the display cell, that provides the initial alignment of the LC molecules before the polymer stabilisation step. The alignment layer is usually applied on the electrodes (where such electrodes are present) such that it is in contact with the LC medium and induces initial alignment of the LC molecules. The alignment layer may comprise or consist of, for example, a polyimide, which may also be rubbed, or may be prepared by a photoalignment method.

Like the conventional LC displays described above, PSA displays can be operated as active-matrix or passive-matrix displays. In the case of active-matrix displays, individual pixels are usually addressed by integrated, non-linear active elements, such as, for example, transistors (for example thin-film transistors (“TFTs”)), while in the case of passive-matrix displays, individual pixels are usually addressed by the multiplex method, as known from the prior art.

In particular for monitor and especially TV applications, optimisation of the response times, but also of the contrast and luminance (thus also transmission) of the LC display continues to be demanded. The PSA method can provide significant advantages here. In particular in the case of PS-VA, PS-IPS and PS-FFS displays, a shortening of the response times, which correlate with a measurable pretilt in test cells, can be achieved without significant adverse effects on other parameters.

Another problem observed in prior art is that the use of conventional LC media in LC displays, including but not limited to displays of the PSA type, often leads to the occurrence of mura in the display, especially when the LC medium is filled in the display cell manufactured using the one drop filling (ODF) method. This phenomenon is also known as “ODF mura”. It is therefore desirable to provide LC media which lead to reduced ODF mura.

Another problem observed in prior art is that LC media for use in PSA displays, including but not limited to displays of the PSA type, do often exhibit high viscosities and, as a consequence, high switching times. In order to reduce the viscosity and switching time of the LC medium, it has been suggested in prior art to add LC compounds with an alkenyl group. However, it was observed that LC media containing alkenyl compounds often show a decrease of the reliability and stability, and a decrease of the VHR especially after exposure to UV radiation. Especially for use in PSA displays this is a considerable disadvantage because the photo-polymerisation of the RMs in the PSA display is usually carried out by exposure to UV radiation, which may cause a VHR drop in the LC medium.

In addition there is a great demand for PSA displays, and LC media and polymerisable compounds for use in such PSA displays, which enable a high specific resistance at the same time as a large working-temperature range, short response times, even at low temperatures, and a low threshold voltage, a low pretilt angle, a multiplicity of grey shades, high contrast and a broad viewing angle, have high reliability and high values for the VHR after UV exposure, and, in case of the polymerisable compounds, have low melting points and a high solubility in the LC host mixtures. In PSA displays for mobile applications, it is especially desired to have available LC media that show low threshold voltage and high birefringence.

One display trend is to achieve fastest possible response time to have best motion picture quality. In this respect, media with negative dielectric anisotropy have an intrinsic disadvantage compared to LC media with positive dielectric anisotropy. On the other hand, mixtures with negative dielectric anisotropy enable a higher transmittance in standard FFS cell layouts and therefore its use has a positive impact on the power consumption and the environment. There is a need in the art to achieve both, fast response time and higher transmittance. Especially for use in mobile devices there is great demand for displays with high transmission, which enable the use of less intensive backlight, which, therefore, leads to longer battery lifetime, hence, more sustainable products. Alternatively, displays with higher brightness can be achieved having improved contrast especially under ambient light. Also, the popularity of 8K and gaming monitors leads to an increased need for LC display panels having higher refresh rates and thus for LC media having faster response times.

There is thus still a great demand for VA, FFS or PSA displays, and LC media optionally comprising polymerisable compounds for use in VA, FFS or PSA displays, which do not show the drawbacks as described above, or only do so to a small extent, and have improved properties.

The invention is based on the object of providing novel suitable LC media, which do not have the disadvantages indicated above or do so to a reduced extent.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that liquid crystalline media with a suitably high negative Δε, a suitable phase range and Δn and high LTS can be realized which do not exhibit the drawbacks of the materials of the prior art or at least do exhibit them to a significantly lesser degree by using liquid crystalline media comprising one or more compounds of formula I defined below.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal medium comprising

-   -   a) one or more compounds of the formula I:

-   -   in which     -   R¹ and R², identically or differently, denote H, halogen, CN,         SCN, straight chain alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15 C atoms,         straight chain alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 15 C atoms or         branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 3 to 15 C         atoms, where one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals may each         be replaced, independently of one another, by

—C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH═CH—, —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen,

-   -   A⁰, A¹, and A², each, independently of one another, denote         phenylene-1,4-diyl, in which one or two CH groups may be         replaced by N and one or more H atoms may be replaced by         halogen, CN, CH₃, CHF₂, CH₂F, CF₃, OCH₃, OCHF₂ or OCF₃,         cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, in which one or two non-adjacent CH₂         groups may be replaced, independently of one another, by O         and/or S and one or more H atoms may be replaced by F,         cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl,         bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl,         tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl;     -   Z¹ and Z², each, independently of one another, denote —CF₂O—,         —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —C₂H₄—, —C₂F₄, —CF₂CH₂—,         —CH₂CF₂—, —CFHCFH—, —CFHCH₂—, —CH₂CFH—, —CF₂CFH—, —CFHCF₂—,         —CH═CH—, —CF═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C— or a single bond;     -   n denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, very preferably 0         or 1, particularly preferably 0; and     -   m denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, very preferably 1         or 2, in particular 1;     -   and     -   b) one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of         the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID

-   -   in which     -   R^(2A), R^(2B), R^(2C) and R^(2D) identically or differently,         denote H, straight chain alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15 C atoms,         straight chain alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 15 C atoms or         branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 3 to 15 C         atoms, where one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals may each         be replaced, independently of one another, by

-   -   —C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—,     -   —CH═CH—, by —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are         not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H         atoms may be replaced by halogen,     -   L¹, L², L³ and L⁴, each, independently of one another, denote F,         Cl, CF₃ or CHF₂,     -   Y denotes H, F, Cl, CF₃, CHF₂ or CH₃,     -   Z², Z^(2B) and Z^(2D) each, independently of one another, denote         a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH═CH—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—,         —OCH₂—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C₂F₄—, —CF═CF— or —CH═CHCH₂O—,     -   p denotes 0, 1 or 2,     -   q denotes 0 or 1, and     -   v denotes an integer from 1 to 6.

Compounds of the formula I are known from for example WO 2010/099853 A1 and DE 10 2010 027 099 A1.

The invention furthermore relates to a process for preparing an LC medium as described above and below, comprising the steps of mixing one or more compounds of the formula I with one or more compounds of the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and/or IID, and optionally with one or more chiral dopants, and optionally with one or more polymerisable compounds and optionally with further LC compounds and/or additives.

The invention furthermore relates to the use of the LC media according to the invention for electro-optical purposes, preferably in displays, very preferably in displays of the VA, IPS or FFS type, in particular of the UB-FFS type.

The invention furthermore relates to the use of the LC media according to the invention in PSA displays, in particular to the use in PSA displays containing an LC medium, for the production of a tilt angle in the LC medium by in-situ polymerisation of polymerisable reactive mesogens (RM) in the PSA display, preferably in an electric or magnetic field.

The invention furthermore relates to an LC display comprising an LC medium according to the invention, in particular a VA, IPS, FFS or UB-FFS or PSA display, particularly preferably an FFS, UB-FFS, VA or a PS-VA display.

The invention furthermore relates to the use of LC media according to the invention in polymer stabilised SA-VA displays, and to a polymer stabilised SA-VA display comprising the LC medium according to the invention.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided an energy saving display for gaming comprising the liquid crystal medium defined above and below. In a preferred embodiment the medium for the energy saving display for gaming has a birefringence in the range of from 0.125 to 0.155.

The invention furthermore relates to a process for manufacturing an LC display as described above and below, comprising the steps of filling or otherwise providing an LC medium, which optionally comprises one or more polymerisable compounds as described above and below, between the substrates of the display, and optionally polymerising the polymerisable compounds.

The LC media according to the invention show the following advantageous properties, in particular when used in UB-FFS displays:

-   -   excellent low-temperature stability (LTS)     -   improved contrast ratio of the display,     -   high transmission of the display,     -   a high clearing temperature,     -   a high voltage-holding-ratio,     -   low rotational viscosity     -   fast switching,     -   fast response time that enables LCDs with low power consumption         to enlarge the battery life time for mobile devices,     -   sufficient stability against heat and/or UV in particular when         used outdoors,     -   a suitably high birefringence in combination with fast response         time for use in applications for gaming.

Preference is given to LC media comprising the compounds of formula I in which A⁰ denotes phenylene-1,4-diyl, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N and one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, CN, CH₃, CHF₂, CH₂F, OCH₃, OCHF₂, CF₃ or OCF₃.

Particularly preferred are compounds in which A⁰ denotes

Very particularly preferably A⁰ denote

-   -   A¹ and A² in formula I preferably denote phenylene-1,4-diyl,         which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by F, furthermore         cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, cyclohexenylene-1,4-diyl,         tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, very         preferably phenylene-1,4-diyl which may also be mono- or         polysubstituted by F, or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl.     -   Z¹ and Z 2 in formula I preferably denote —CF₂O—, —OCF₂— or a         single bond, very preferably a single bond.     -   A¹ and A² in formula I particularly preferably denote

-   -   in which L denotes halogen, CF₃ or CN, preferably F.

Preference is furthermore given to compounds of the formula I in which R¹ and R² each, independently of one another, denote H, F, or alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 5, C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by halogen, in particular by F.

R¹ and R² preferably denote H, optionally fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, optionally fluorinated alkenyl or alkynyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, optionally fluorinated cycloalkyl having 3 to 12 C atoms.

Preferably, at least one of R¹ and R² is not H, particularly preferably both of R¹ and R² are not H. R¹ is very particularly preferably alkyl. R² is furthermore preferably H, alkyl or fluorine. Very particularly preferably, R¹ is alkyl and R² is H or alkyl. R¹, R² each, independently of one another, very particularly preferably denote unbranched alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms. If R¹ and R² denote substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkynyl, the total number of C atoms in the two groups R¹ and R² is preferably less than 10.

Preferred compounds of the formula I are selected from the following sub-formulae, more preferably from the compounds of the formula I-3:

in which R¹ and R² have the meanings indicated above, L is halogen, CN, CH₃, CHF₂, CH₂F, CF₃, OCH₃, OCHF₂ or OCF₃, and r, s and t independently are 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. r preferably is 1 or 2, very preferably 2 and s and t independently are preferably 0 or 1, very preferably 0. R¹ and R² in particular independently denote n-alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms.

In a first very preferred embodiment, the compounds of the formulae I-1 to I-6 are selected from the compounds of the formula I-1a to I-6a, in particular of the formula I-3a:

-   -   in which R¹, R², L, r and s have the meanings defined above.

In a second very preferred embodiment, the compounds of the formulae I-1 to I-6 are selected from the compounds of the formula I-1b to I-6b, in particular of the formula I3-b:

-   -   in which R¹, R², L, r and s have the meanings defined above.

In a third very preferred embodiment, the compounds of the formulae I-1 to I-6 are selected from the compounds of the formula I-1c to I-6c, in particular of the formula I3-c:

-   -   in which R¹, R², L, r and s have the meanings defined above.

In a fourth very preferred embodiment, the compounds of the formulae I-1 to I-6 are selected from the compounds of the formula I-1d to I-6d, in particular of the formula I-3d:

-   -   in which R¹, R², L, r and s have the meanings defined above.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of the formulae I-1a to I-6a and one or more compounds selected from the group of the formulae I-1b to I-6b.

Very particularly preferably the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae I-3a, I-3b, I-3c and I-3d:

-   -   in which R¹, R², L and r have the meanings defined above and         preferably r is 0.

Additionally, LC media comprising the following compounds of formula I are particularly preferred:

Most preferred compounds of formula I include, in particular, one or more of the following:

Alternatively, or additionally, the following compounds of formula I can be used:

Preferred compounds of the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID are indicated below:

-   -   in which the parameter a denotes 1 or 2, alkyl and alkyl* each,         independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl         radical having 1-6 C atoms, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain         alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and (O) denotes an oxygen         atom or a single bond. Alkenyl preferably denotes CH₂═CH—,         CH₂═CHCH₂CH₂—, CH₃—CH═CH—, CH₃—CH₂—CH═CH—, CH₃—(CH₂)₂—CH═CH—,         CH₃—(CH₂)₃—CH═CH— or CH₃—CH═CH—(CH₂)₂—.

Very preferred compounds of the formula IID are selected from the following sub-formulae:

In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IID-10a

-   -   in which the occurring groups and parameters have the meanings         given above under formula IID, and     -   R² denotes

-   -   in which r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and s is 1, 2 or 3.

Preferred compounds of formula IID-10a are the compounds IID-10a-1 to IID-10a-14.

Particularly preferred mixtures according to the invention comprise one or more compounds of the formulae IIA-2, IIA-8, IIA-10, IIA-16, IIA-18, IIA-40, IIA-41, IIA-42, IIA-43, IIB-2, IIB-10, IIB-16, IIC-1, IID-4 and IID-10.

Preferred media according to the invention comprise at least one compound of the formula IIC-1,

-   -   in which alkyl and alkyl* have the meanings indicated above.

In particular, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIA-2 selected from the following sub-formulae:

Alternatively, preferably in addition to the compounds of the formulae IIA-2-1 to IIA-2-5, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IIA-2a-1 to IIA-2a-5:

In particular, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIA-10 selected from the following sub-formulae:

Alternatively, preferably in addition to the compounds of the formulae IIA-10-1 to IIA-10-5, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IIA-10a-1 to IIA-10a-5:

In particular, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIB-10 selected from the following sub-formulae:

Alternatively, preferably in addition to the compounds of the formulae IIB-10-1 to IIB-10-5, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IIB-10a-1 to IIB-10a-5:

The medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula III

-   -   in which     -   R³¹ and R³² each, independently of one another, denote H, an         alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, where one or         more CH₂ groups in these radicals may each be replaced,         independently of one another, by

-   -   —C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—,     -   —CH═CH—, by —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are         not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H         atoms may be replaced by halogen,     -   A³¹ on each occurrence, independently of one another, denotes         -   a) 1,4-cyclohexenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene radical, in             which one or two non-adjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by             —O— or —S—,         -   b) a 1,4-phenylene radical, in which one or two CH groups             may be replaced by N, or         -   c) a radical from the group spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl,             1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl,             decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl,             1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl,             phenanthrene-2,7-diyl and fluorene-2,7-diyl, where the             radicals a), b) and c) may be mono- or polysubstituted by             halogen atoms,     -   n denotes 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1,     -   Z³¹ on each occurrence independently of one another denotes         —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—,         —(CH₂)₄—, —CH═CH—CH₂O—, —C₂F₄—, —CH₂CF₂—, —CF₂CH₂—, —CF═CF—,         —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or a single bond, and     -   L³¹ and L³² each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl,         CF₃ or CHF₂, preferably H or F, most preferably F, and     -   W denotes O or S.

The compounds of formula III are preferably selected from the compounds of the formula III-1 and/or III-2

-   -   in which the occurring groups have the same meanings as given         under formula III above and preferably     -   R³¹ and R³² each, independently of one another, an alkyl,         alkenyl or alkoxy radical having up to 15 C atoms, more         preferably one or both of them denote an alkoxy radical and     -   L³¹ and L³² each preferably denote F.

Preferably, the compounds of the formula III-1 are selected from the group of compounds of the formulae III-1-1 to III-1-11, preferably of formula III-1-6,

-   -   in which     -   alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a         straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, alkenyl and         alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote a         straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, alkoxy and         alkoxy* each, independently of one another, denote a         straight-chain alkoxy radical having 1-6 C atoms, and L³¹ and         L³² each, independently of one another, denote F or Cl,         preferably both F.

Preferably, the compounds of the formula III-2 are selected from the group of compounds of the formulae III-2-1 to III-2-10, preferably of formula III-2-6,

-   -   in which     -   alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a         straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, alkenyl and         alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote a         straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, alkoxy and         alkoxy* each, independently of one another, denote a         straight-chain alkoxy radical having 1-6 C atoms, and L³¹ and         L³² each, independently of one another, denote F or Cl,         preferably both F.

Optionally the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIIA-1 and/or IIIA-2

-   -   in which L³¹ and L³² have the same meanings as given under         formula III, (O) denotes O or a single bond,     -   R^(IIIA) denotes alkyl or alkenyl having up to 7 C atoms or a         group Cy-C_(m)H_(2m+1)—,     -   m and n are, identically or differently, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,         preferably 1, 2 or 3, very preferably 1,     -   Cy denotes a cycloaliphatic group having 3, 4 or 5 ring atoms,         which is optionally substituted with alkyl or alkenyl each         having up to 3 C atoms, or with halogen or CN, and preferably         denotes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopentyl.

The compounds of formula IIIA-1 and/or IIIA-2 are contained in the medium either alternatively or in addition to the compounds of formula III, preferably additionally.

Very preferred compounds of the formulae IIIA-1 and IIIA-2 are the following:

-   -   in which alkoxy denotes a straight-chain alkoxy radical having         1-6 C atoms or alternatively —(CH₂)_(n)F in which n is 2, 3, 4,         or 5, preferably C₂H₄F.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-3

-   -   in which     -   R³¹, R³² identically or differently, denote H, an alkyl or         alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, in which one or more CH₂         groups in these radicals are optionally replaced, independently         of one another, by —C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH═CH—,

-   -   —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked         directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more         H atoms may be replaced by halogen.

The compounds of formula III-3 are preferably selected from the group of compounds of the formulae III-3-1 to III-3-10:

-   -   in which R³² denotes alkyl having 1 to 7 C-atoms, preferably         ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, or alternatively cyclopropylmethyl,         cyclobutylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl or alternatively         —(CH₂)_(m)F in which n is 2,3,4, or 5, preferably C₂H₄F.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae III-4 to III-6, preferably of formula III-5,

-   -   in which the parameters have the meanings given above, R³¹         preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl and R³² preferably         denotes alkoxy, each having 1 to 7 C atoms.

In a preferred embodiment the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula I selected from the group of compounds of formulae III-7 to III-9, preferably of formula III-8,

-   -   in which the parameters have the meanings given above, R³¹         preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl and R³² preferably         denotes alkoxy each having 1 to 7 C atoms.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IV,

-   -   in which     -   R⁴¹ denotes an unsubstituted alkyl radical having 1 to 7 C atoms         or an unsubstituted alkenyl radical having 2 to 7 C atoms,         preferably an n-alkyl radical, particularly preferably having 2,         3, 4 or 5 C atoms, and     -   R⁴² denotes an unsubstituted alkyl radical having 1 to 7 C atoms         or an unsubstituted alkoxy radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, both         preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms, an unsubstituted alkenyl         radical having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably having 2, 3 or 4 C         atoms, more preferably a vinyl radical or a 1-propenyl radical         and in particular a vinyl radical.

The compounds of the formula IV are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae IV-1 to IV-4,

-   -   in which     -   alkyl and alkyl′, independently of one another, denote alkyl         having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms,     -   alkenyl denotes an alkenyl radical having 2 to 5 C atoms,         preferably having 2 to 4 C atoms, particularly preferably 2 C         atoms,     -   alkenyl′ denotes an alkenyl radical having 2 to 5 C atoms,         preferably having 2 to 4 C atoms, particularly preferably having         2 to 3 C atoms, and     -   alkoxy denotes alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms, preferably having 2         to 4 C atoms.

The compounds of the formula IV-1 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae IV-1-1 to IV-1-5

The compounds of the formula IV-2 are preferably selected from the compounds of the formulae IV-2-1 and IV-2-2

The compounds of the formula IV-3 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae IV-3-1 and IV-3-2:

-   -   in which alkyl has the meanings defined above.

The compounds of the formula IV-3-1 and IV-3-2 are preferably selected from the following compounds:

Very preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound of formula IV-4, in particular selected from the compounds of the formulae IV-4-1 to IV-4-3

In an embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula I selected from the compounds of the formulae I-1 to 1-4 in combination with one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae IA-1 to IA-9:

-   -   in which alkyl denotes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl,         n-butyl, isobutyl, or n-pentyl.

The liquid-crystalline medium preferably additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formula IVa,

-   -   in which     -   R⁴¹ and R⁴² each, independently of one another, denote a         straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxy         radical having up to 12 C atoms, and

-   -   denotes

-   -   Z⁴ denotes a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH═CH—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—,         —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C₂F₄—, —CF═CF—.

Preferred compounds of the formula IVa are indicated below:

-   -   in which     -   alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a         straight-chain alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms.

The medium according to the invention preferably comprises at least one compound of the formula IVa-1 and/or formula IVa-2.

The proportion of compounds of the formula IVa in the mixture as a whole is preferably less than 5% by weight, very preferably less than 2% by weight.

Preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IVb-1 to IVb-3

-   -   in which     -   alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a         straight-chain alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, and     -   alkenyl and alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote         a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2 to 6 C atoms.

Of the compounds of the formulae IVb-1 to IVb-3, the compounds of the formula IVb-2 are particularly preferred.

Particularly preferred biphenyls are

-   -   in which alkyl* denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms         and preferably denotes n-propyl. The medium according to the         invention particularly preferably comprises one or more         compounds of the formulae IVb-1-1 and/or IVb-2-3.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula V

-   -   in which     -   R⁵¹, R⁵² denote alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to         7 C atoms, or alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 7 C         atoms,

-   -   identically or differently, denote

-   -   Z⁵¹, Z⁵² each, independently of one another, denote —CH₂—CH₂—,         —CH₂—O—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —COO— or a single bond, and     -   n is 1 or 2,     -   where the compounds of the formula CL are excluded.

The compounds of formula V are preferably selected from the compounds of the formulae V-1 to V-16:

-   -   in which R⁵¹ and R⁵² have the meanings indicated for formula V         above. R⁵¹ and R⁵² preferably each, independently of one         another, denote straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or         alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.

Preferred media comprise one or more compounds of the formulae V-1, V-5, V-6, V-8, V-9, V-10, V-11, V-12, V-14, V-15, and/or V-16, very preferably V-5 or V-6.

Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formula CL

-   -   in which     -   R^(L) denotes H, a straight chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy         radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, or a straight chain or branched         alkenyl radical having 2 to 15 C atoms, where one or more CH₂         groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of         one another, by

-   -   C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH═CH—, —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a         way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in         which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by         halogen,     -   X^(L) denotes F, Cl, CN, CHF₂, CF₃, OCF₃, or, identically or         differently, has one of the meanings of R^(L),     -   Y^(L) denotes H, F, Cl or CH 3.

The compounds of formula CL are preferably selected form the group of compounds of the formulae CL-1, CL-2 and CL-3:

-   -   in which     -   R^(L1) and R^(L2), identically or differently, have the meanings         given above for formula I and, preferably denote alkyl or         alkenyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or 2 to 7 C atoms, respectively,         in which a CH₂ group may be replaced by cyclopropane-1,2-diyl.

Very preferred compounds of the formula I are selected from the compounds of the formulae CL-3-1 to CL-3-12:

In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises the compound CL-3-1.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae VI-1 to VI-21, preferably of the formula VI-4:

-   -   in which R⁶ denotes a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy radical         having 1 to 6 C atoms, (O) denotes —O— or a single bond, and m         is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. R preferably         denotes methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy,         ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae VII-1 to VII-9

-   -   in which     -   R⁷ denotes a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to         6 C atoms, or a straight chain alkenyl radical having 2 to 6 C         atoms, and     -   w is an integer from 1 to 6.

Further preferred embodiments are listed below:

-   -   a) Liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of         the formulae Z-1 to Z-7,

-   -   in which R and alkyl have the meanings indicated above for         formula III.     -   b) Preferred liquid-crystalline media according to the invention         comprise one or more substances which contain a         tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl unit, such as, for example, the         compounds of the formulae N-1 to N-5,

-   -   in which R^(1N) and R^(2N) each, independently of one another,         have the meanings indicated for R^(2A), preferably denote         straight-chain alkyl, straight-chain alkoxy or straight-chain         alkenyl, and     -   Z¹ and Z² each, independently of one another,         -   denote —C₂H₄—, —CH═CH—, —(CH₂)₄—, —(CH₂)₃O—, —O(CH₂)₃—,             —CH═CHCH₂CH₂—, —C H₂CH₂CH═CH—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —COO—, —OCO—,         -   —C₂F₄—, —CF═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂— or             a single bond.     -   c) Preferred mixtures comprise one or more compounds selected         from the group of the difluorodibenzochroman compounds of the         formula BC, chromans of the formula CR, and fluorinated         phenanthrenes of the formulae PH-1 and PH-2,

-   -   in which R^(B1), R^(B2), R^(CR1), R^(CR2), R¹, R² each,         independently of one another, have the meaning of R^(2A). c is         0, 1 or 2. R¹ and R² preferably, independently of one another,         denote alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms.

Particularly preferred compounds of the formulae BC and CR are the compounds BC-1 to BC-7 and CR-1 to CR-5,

-   -   in which     -   alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a         straight-chain alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, and     -   alkenyl and alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote         a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2 to 6 C atoms.

Very particular preference is given to mixtures comprising one, two or three compounds of the formula BC-2, BF-1 and/or BF-2.

-   -   d) Preferred mixtures comprise one or more indane compounds of         the formula In,

-   -   in which     -   R¹¹, R¹², and R¹³ each, independently of one another, denote a         straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl or alkenyl radical         having 1 to 6 C atoms,     -   R¹² and R¹³ alternatively denote halogen, preferably F,

-   -   i denotes 0, 1 or 2.

Preferred compounds of the formula In are the compounds of the formulae In-1 to In-16 indicated below:

Particular preference is given to the compounds of the formulae In-1, In-2, In-3 and In-4.

-   -   e) Preferred mixtures additionally comprise one or more         compounds of the formulae L-1 to L-5,

-   -   in which     -   R, R¹ and R² each, independently of one another, have the         meanings indicated for R^(2A) in formula IIA above, and alkyl         denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms. The parameter s         denotes 1 or 2.

The compounds of the formulae L-1 to L-9 are preferably employed in concentrations of 5 to 15% by weight, in particular 5 to 12% by weight and very particularly preferably 8 to 10% by weight.

-   -   f) Preferred mixtures additionally comprise one or more         compounds of formula IIA-Y

-   -   in which R¹¹ and R¹² have one of the meanings given for R^(2A)         in formula IIA above, and L¹ and L², identically or differently,         denote F or Cl.

Preferred compounds of the formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae

-   -   in which, Alkyl and Alkyl* each, independently of one another,         denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, Alkoxy         denotes a straight-chain alkoxy radical having 1-6 C atoms,         Alkenyl and Alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote         a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and O         denotes an oxygen atom or a single bond. Alkenyl and Alkenyl*         preferably denote CH₂═CH—, CH₂═CHCH₂CH₂—, CH₃—CH═CH—,         CH₃—CH₂—CH═CH—, CH₃—(CH₂)₂—CH═CH—, CH₃—(CH₂)₃—CH═CH— or         CH₃—CH═CH—(CH₂)₂—.

Particularly preferred compounds of the formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of following sub-formulae:

-   -   in which Alkoxy and Alkoxy* have the meanings defined above and         preferably denote methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, n-butyloxy or         n-pentyloxy.

Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound selected from the group of compounds of the formulae ST-1 to ST-18, very preferably of the formula ST-3:

-   -   in which     -   R^(ST) denotes H, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C         atoms, where, in addition, one or more CH₂ groups in these         radicals may each be replaced, independently of one another by         —C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH═CH—,

-   -   —O—, —CO—O—,     -   —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one         another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be         replaced by halogen,

-   -   on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes

-   -   Z^(ST) each, independently of one another, denote —CO—O—,         —O—CO—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—,         —(CH₂)₄—, —CH═CH—, —CH₂O—, —C₂F₄—, —CH₂CF₂—, —CF₂CH₂—, —CF═CF—,         —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or a single bond,     -   L¹ and L² each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CH₃,         CF₃ or CHF₂,     -   p denotes 0, 1 or 2,     -   q denotes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

Of the compounds of the formula ST, special preference is given to the compounds of the formulae ST-3 and in particular:

-   -   in which n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably n=3

-   -   in which n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably n=3

-   -   in which n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably n=1 or 7

In the compounds of the formulae ST-3a and ST-3b, n preferably denotes 3. In the compounds of the formula ST-2a, n preferably denotes 7.

Very particularly preferred mixtures according to the invention comprise one or more stabilizers from the group of the compounds of the formulae ST-2a-1, ST-3a-1, ST-3b-1, ST-8-1, ST-9-1 and ST-12:

Preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula S

-   -   in which     -   Ar denotes a methylene group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group         having 6 to 40 C atoms or a heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group         having 4 to 40 C atoms; preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group         having 6 to 40 C atoms;     -   Sp denotes a spacer group;     -   R^(S) denotes H, alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms or alkenyl having         2 to 12 C atoms;     -   Z^(S) denotes —O—, —C(O)O—, —(CH₂)₂— or —(CH₂)_(z)O—, or a         single bond;     -   HA denotes

-   -   R^(H) denotes H, O*, CH₃, OH or OR^(S);     -   R^(S1), R^(S2), R^(S3) and R^(S4), identically or differently,         denote alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably having 1 to 3 C         atoms, very preferably CH₃;     -   G denotes H or R^(S) or a group Z^(S)—HA;     -   z is an integer from 1 to 6, and     -   q is 2, 3 or 4, preferably 3 or 4.

In formula S, aryl denotes an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 40 C atoms, comprising one, two, three or four aromatic rings including condensed rings that may be linked directly or via an alkylene linking group having 1 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms are optionally replaced with alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, or with CN, CF₃ or halogen, and in which one or more CH₂ groups may each, independently of one another, be replaced by —O—, —S—, —NH—, —N(C₁-C₄-alkyl)-, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C— in such a way that O or S atoms are not linked directly to one another.

Preferred aryl groups are benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, biphenyl, m-terphenyl, p-terphenyl, and (phenylalkyl)benzene in which alkyl is straight chain alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms.

In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound of the formula S in which the parameter q is 3 and G denotes a group Z^(S)-HA.

In another preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound of the formula S in which the parameter q is 4 and G denotes H or R^(S).

The compounds of formula S are preferably selected from the compounds of the formulae S-1, S-2 and S-3:

in which R^(H) has the meanings given above and preferably denotes H or O·, Sp on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes a spacer group, and W denotes linear or branched, optionally unsaturated alkylene having 1 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more non-adjacent —CH₂— groups may be replaced with —O—.

Preferred compounds of formula S-1 are selected from the compounds of the formula S-1-1:

-   -   in which R^(H) has the meanings given above and preferably         denotes H or O·, and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5,         6, 7, 8 or 9, very preferably 7.

Preferred compounds of formula S-2 are selected from the compounds of the formula S-2-1:

-   -   in which R^(H) has the meanings given above and preferably         denotes H or O·, and n2, on each occurrence identically or         differently, preferably identically, is an integer from 1 to 12,         preferably 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, very preferably 3, and R^(S) on         each occurrence identically or differently, preferably         identically, denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably         n-butyl.

Preferred compounds of formula S-3 are selected from the compounds of the formula S-3-1:

-   -   in which R^(H) has the meanings given above and preferably         denotes H or O·, and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5,         6, 7, 8 or 9, very preferably 7.

The compounds of the formulae S and ST-1 to ST-18 are preferably each present in the liquid-crystal mixtures according to the invention in amounts of 0.005-0.5%, based on the mixture.

If the mixtures according to the invention comprise two or more compounds from the group of the compounds of the formulae S and ST-1 to ST-18, the concentration correspondingly increases to 0.01-1% in the case of two compounds, based on the mixtures.

However, the total proportion of the compounds of the formulae S and ST-1 to ST-18, based on the mixture according to the invention, should not exceed 2%.

The liquid crystal medium according to the invention, herein also referred to as liquid crystal host mixture, is suitable for the use in polymer stabilised displays. To this end, the medium according to the invention optionally comprises one or more polymerisable compounds of formula P

P—Sp-A¹-(Z¹-A²)_(z)-R  P

-   -   in which independently of each other and on each occurrence         identically or differently,     -   P denotes a polymerisable group,     -   Sp denotes a spacer group or a single bond,     -   A¹, A² denote an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or         heterocyclic group, preferably having 4 to 25 ring atoms, which         may also contain fused rings, and which is unsubstituted, or         mono- or polysubstituted by L,     -   Z¹ denotes —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH₂—,         —CH₂O—, —SCH₂—, —CH₂S—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂S—, —SCF₂—,         —(CH₂)_(n1)—, —CF₂CH₂—, —CH₂CF₂—, —(CF₂)_(n1)—, —CH═CH—,         —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—CO—O—, —O—CO—CH═CH—,         —CH₂—CH₂—CO—O—, —O—CO—CH₂—CH₂—, —CR⁰R⁰⁰—, or a single bond,     -   R⁰, R⁰⁰ denote H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms,     -   R denotes H, L, or P—Sp-,     -   L denotes F, Cl, —CN, P—Sp- or straight chain, branched or         cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more         non-adjacent CH₂-groups are optionally replaced by —O—, —S—,         —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— in such a manner that O- and/or         S-atoms are not directly connected with each other, and wherein         one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by P—Sp-, F or         Cl,     -   z is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and     -   n1 is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

The term “reliability” as used herein means the quality of the performance of the display during time and with different stress loads, such as light load, temperature, humidity, voltage, and comprises display effects such as image sticking (area and line image sticking), mura, yogore etc. which are known to the skilled person in the field of LC displays. As a standard parameter for categorising the reliability usually the voltage holding ration (VHR) value is used, which is a measure for maintaining a constant electrical voltage in a test display. Among other factors, a high VHR is a prerequisite for a high reliability of the LC medium.

Unless indicated otherwise, the term “PSA” is used hereinafter when referring to displays of the polymer sustained alignment type in general, and the term “PS” is used when referring to specific display modes, like PS-VA, PS-TN and the like.

As used herein, the terms “active layer” and “switchable layer” mean a layer in an electrooptical display, for example an LC display, that comprises one or more molecules having structural and optical anisotropy, like for example LC molecules, which change their orientation upon an external stimulus like an electric or magnetic field, resulting in a change of the transmission of the layer for polarized or unpolarized light.

As used herein, the terms “tilt” and “tilt angle” will be understood to mean a tilted alignment of the LC molecules of an LC medium relative to the surfaces of the cell in an LC display (here preferably a PSA display). The tilt angle here denotes the average angle (<90°) between the longitudinal molecular axes of the LC molecules (LC director) and the surface of the plane-parallel outer plates which form the LC cell. A low value for the tilt angle (i.e., a large deviation from the 90° angle) corresponds to a large tilt here. A suitable method for measurement of the tilt angle is given in the examples.

Unless indicated otherwise, tilt angle values disclosed above and below relate to this measurement method.

As used herein, the terms “reactive mesogen” and “RM” will be understood to mean a compound containing a mesogenic or liquid crystalline skeleton, and one or more functional groups attached thereto which are suitable for polymerisation and are also referred to as “polymerisable group” or “P”.

Unless stated otherwise, the term “polymerisable compound” as used herein will be understood to mean a polymerisable monomeric compound.

As used herein, the term “low-molecular-weight compound” will be understood to mean to a compound that is monomeric and/or is not prepared by a polymerisation reaction, as opposed to a “polymeric compound” or a “polymer”.

As used herein, the term “unpolymerisable compound” will be understood to mean a compound that does not contain a functional group that is suitable for polymerisation under the conditions usually applied for the polymerisation of the RMs.

The term “mesogenic group” as used herein is known to the person skilled in the art and described in the literature, and means a group which, due to the anisotropy of its attracting and repelling interactions, essentially contributes to causing a liquid-crystal (LC) phase in low-molecular-weight or polymeric substances. Compounds containing mesogenic groups (mesogenic compounds) do not necessarily have to have an LC phase themselves. It is also possible for mesogenic compounds to exhibit LC phase behaviour only after mixing with other compounds and/or after polymerisation. Typical mesogenic groups are, for example, rigid rod- or disc-shaped units. An overview of the terms and definitions used in connection with mesogenic, or LC compounds is given in Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, 73(5), 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 6340-6368.

As used herein, the terms “optically active” and “chiral” are synonyms for materials that are able to induce a helical pitch in a nematic host material, also referred to as “chiral dopants”.

The term “spacer group”, above and below also referred to as “Sp”, as used herein is known to the person skilled in the art and is described in the literature, see, for example, Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, 73(5), 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 6340-6368. As used herein, the terms “spacer group” or “spacer” mean a flexible group, for example an alkylene group, which connects the mesogenic group and the polymerisable group(s) in a polymerisable mesogenic compound.

Likewise, in the compounds of formula I, a spacer group connects a central hydrocarbon group with a photoactive, stabilising hindered amine functional group. Above and below,

-   -   denotes a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene ring.

In a group

-   -   the single bond shown between the two ring atoms can be attached         to any free position of the benzene ring.

Above and below “organic group” denotes a carbon or hydrocarbon group.

“Carbon group” denotes a mono- or polyvalent organic group containing at least one carbon atom, where this either contains no further atoms (such as, for example, —C≡C—) or optionally contains one or more further atoms, such as, for example, N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te or Ge (for example carbonyl, etc.). The term “hydrocarbon group” denotes a carbon group which additionally contains one or more H atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms, such as, for example, N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te or Ge.

“Halogen” denotes F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F or Cl.

—CO—, —C(═O)— and —C(O)— denote a carbonyl group, i.e.,

A carbon or hydrocarbon group can be a saturated or unsaturated group. Unsaturated groups are, for example, aryl, alkenyl or alkynyl groups. A carbon or hydrocarbon radical having more than 3 C atoms can be straight-chain, branched and/or cyclic and may also contain spiro links or condensed rings.

The terms “alkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, etc., also encompass polyvalent groups, for example alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, etc.

The term “aryl” denotes an aromatic carbon group, or a group derived therefrom. The term “heteroaryl” denotes “aryl” as defined above, containing one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si and Ge.

Preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are optionally substituted, straight-chain, branched or cyclic, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy and alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, very preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 25, C atoms, or optionally substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryloxy, arylalkyloxy, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy and aryloxycarbonyloxy having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 25, C atoms, wherein one or more C atoms may also be replaced by hetero atoms, preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si and Ge.

Further preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl, C₃-C₂₀ allyl, C₄-C₂₀ alkyldienyl, C₄-C₂₀ polyenyl, C₆-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₁₅ cycloalkenyl, C₆-C₃₀ aryl, C₆-C₃₀ alkylaryl, C₆-C₃₀ arylalkyl, C₆-C₃₀ alkylaryloxy, C₆-C₃₀ arylalkyloxy, C₂-C₃₀ heteroaryl, C₂-C₃₀ heteroaryloxy.

Particular preference is given to C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, C₆-C₂₅ aryl and C₂-C₂₅ heteroaryl.

Further preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, which are unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN and in which one or more non-adjacent CH₂ groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —C(R^(x))═C(R^(x))—, —C≡—, —N(R^(x))—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another.

R^(x) preferably denotes H, F, Cl, CN, a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent C atoms may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, or denotes an optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group with 6 to 30 C atoms, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group with 2 to 30 C atoms.

Preferred alkyl groups are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, dodecanyl, trifluoromethyl, perfluoro-n-butyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorohexyl, etc.

Preferred alkenyl groups are, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl, etc.

Preferred alkynyl groups are, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, octynyl, etc.

Preferred alkoxy groups are, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, n-heptoxy, n-octoxy, n-nonoxy, n-decoxy, n-undecoxy, n-dodecoxy, etc.

Preferred amino groups are, for example, dimethylamino, methylamino, methylphenylamino, phenylamino, etc.

Aryl and heteroaryl groups can be monocyclic or polycyclic, i.e., they can contain one ring (such as, for example, phenyl) or two or more rings, which may also be fused (such as, for example, naphthyl) or covalently bonded (such as, for example, biphenyl), or contain a combination of fused and linked rings. Heteroaryl groups contain one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from O, N, S and Se.

Particular preference is given to mono-, bi- or tricyclic aryl groups having 6 to 25 C atoms and mono-, bi- or tricyclic heteroaryl groups having 5 to 25 ring atoms, which optionally contain fused rings and are optionally substituted. Preference is furthermore given to 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl and heteroaryl groups, in which, in addition, one or more CH groups may be replaced by N, S or O in such a way that O atoms and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another.

Preferred aryl groups are, for example, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, [1,1′:3′,1″]terphenyl-2′-yl, naphthyl, anthracene, binaphthyl, phenanthrene, 9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene, pyrene, dihydropyrene, chrysene, perylene, tetracene, pentacene, benzopyrene, fluorene, indene, indenofluorene, spirobifluorene, etc.

Preferred heteroaryl groups are, for example, 5-membered rings, such as pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, furan, thiophene, selenophene, oxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 6-membered rings, such as pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrazine, 1,2,3,5-tetrazine, or condensed groups, such as indole, isoindole, indolizine, indazole, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, purine, naphthimidazole, phenanthrimidazole, pyridimidazole, pyrazinimidazole, quinoxalinimidazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, anthroxazole, phenanthroxazole, isoxazole, benzothiazole, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, quinoline, isoquinoline, pteridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, benzoisoquin-oline, acridine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, benzopyridazine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, phenazine, naphthyridine, azacarbazole, benzocarboline, phenanthridine, phenanthroline, thieno[2,3b]thiophene, thieno[3,2b]thiophene, dithienothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzothiophene, benzothiadiazothiophene, or combinations of these groups.

The aryl and heteroaryl groups mentioned above and below may also be substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, fluorine, fluoroalkyl or further aryl or heteroaryl groups.

The (non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups encompass both saturated rings, i.e., those containing exclusively single bonds, and also partially unsaturated rings, i.e., those which may also contain multiple bonds. Heterocyclic rings contain one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from Si, O, N, S and Se.

The (non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups can be monocyclic, i.e., contain only one ring (such as, for example, cyclohexane), or polycyclic, i.e., contain a plurality of rings (such as, for example, decahydronaphthalene or bicyclooctane). Particular preference is given to saturated groups. Preference is furthermore given to mono-, bi- or tricyclic groups having 5 to 25 ring atoms, which optionally contain fused rings and are optionally substituted. Preference is furthermore given to 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered carbocyclic groups, in which, in addition, one or more C atoms may be replaced by Si and/or one or more CH groups may be replaced by N and/or one or more non-adjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by —O— and/or —S—.

Preferred alicyclic and heterocyclic groups are, for example, 5-membered groups, such as cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiofuran, pyrrolidine, 6-membered groups, such as cyclohexane, silinane, cyclohexene, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiopyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dithiane, piperidine, 7-membered groups, such as cycloheptane, and fused groups, such as tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, indane, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, octahydro-4,7-methanoindane-2,5-diyl.

Preferred substituents are, for example, solubility-promoting groups, such as alkyl or alkoxy, electron-withdrawing groups, such as fluorine, nitro or nitrile, or substituents for increasing the glass transition temperature (Tg) in the polymer, in particular bulky groups, such as, for example, t-butyl or optionally substituted aryl groups. Preferred substituents, hereinafter also referred to as “L^(S)”, are, for example, F, Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO₂, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, —C(═O)N(R^(x))₂, —C(═O)Y¹, —C(═O)R^(x), —N(R^(x))₂, straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy each having 1 to 25 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms may optionally be replaced by F or Cl, optionally substituted silyl having 1 to 20 Si atoms, or optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 15, C atoms,

-   -   wherein RX denotes H, F, Cl, CN, or straight chain, branched or         cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more         non-adjacent CH₂-groups are optionally replaced by —O—, —S—,         —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— in such a manner that O- and/or         S-atoms are not directly connected with each other, and wherein         one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by F, Cl, P— or         P—Sp-, and     -   Y¹ denotes halogen.     -   “Substituted silyl or aryl” preferably means substituted by         halogen, —CN, R⁰, —OR⁰, —CO—R⁰, —CO—O—R⁰, —O—CO—R⁰ or         —O—CO—O—R⁰, wherein R⁰ denotes H or alkyl with 1 to 20 C atoms.

Particularly preferred substituents L are, for example, F, Cl, CN, NO₂, CH₃, C₂H₅, OCH₃, CO₂H₅, COCH₃, COC₂H₅, COOCH₃, COOC₂H₅, CF₃, OCF₃, OCHF₂, OC₂F₅, furthermore phenyl.

A¹ and A² very preferably denote

in which L has one of the meanings indicated above and r denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, in particular

-   -   denotes

The polymerisable group P is a group which is suitable for a polymerisation reaction, such as, for example, free-radical or ionic chain polymerisation, polyaddition or polycondensation, or for a polymer-analogous reaction, for example addition or condensation onto a main polymer chain. Particular preference is given to groups for chain polymerisation, in particular those containing a C═C double bond or —C≡C— triple bond, and groups which are suitable for polymerisation with ring opening, such as, for example, oxetane or epoxide groups.

Preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of

-   -   CH₂═CW¹—CO—O—, CH₂═CW¹—CO—,

-   -   CH₂═CW²—(O)_(k3)—, CW¹═CH—CO—(O)_(k3)—, CW¹═CH—CO—NH—,         CH₂═CW¹—CO—NH—, CH₃—CH═CH—O—, (CH₂═CH)₂CH—OCO—,         (CH₂═CH—CH₂)₂CH—OCO—, (CH₂═CH)₂CH—O—, (CH₂═CH—CH₂)₂N—,         (CH₂═CH—CH₂)₂N—CO—, HO—CW²W³—, HS—CW²W³—, HW²N—, HO—CW²W³—NH—,         CH₂═CW¹—CO—NH—, CH₂═CH—(COO)_(k1)-Phe-(O)_(k2)—,         CH₂═CH—(CO)_(k1)-Phe-(O)_(k2)—, Phe-CH═CH—, HOOC—, OCN— and         W⁴W⁵W⁶Si—, in which W¹ denotes H, F, Cl, CN, CF₃, phenyl or         alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH₃, W²         and W³ each, independently of one another, denote H or alkyl         having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or         n-propyl, W⁴, W⁵ and W⁶ each, independently of one another,         denote Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms,         W⁷ and W⁸ each, independently of one another, denote H, Cl or         alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, Phe denotes 1,4-phenylene, which is         optionally substituted by one or more radicals L as defined         above which are other than P—Sp-, k₁, k₂ and k₃ each,         independently of one another, denote 0 or 1, k₃ preferably         denotes 1, and k₄ denotes an integer from 1 to 10.

Very preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of

-   -   CH₂═CW¹—CO—O—, CH₂═CW¹—CO—,

-   -   CH₂═CW²—O—, CH₂═CW²—, CW¹═CH—CO—(O)_(k3)—, CW¹═CH—CO—NH—,         CH₂═CW¹—CO—NH—, (CH₂═CH)₂CH—OCO—, (CH₂═CH—CH₂)₂CH—OCO—,         (CH₂═CH)₂CH—O—, (CH₂═CH—CH₂)₂N—, (CH₂═CH—CH₂)₂N—CO—,         CH₂═CW¹—CO—NH—, CH₂═CH—(COO)_(k1)-Phe-(O)_(k2)—,         CH₂═CH—(CO)_(k1)-Phe-(O)_(k2)—, Phe-CH═CH— and W⁴W⁵W⁶Si—, in         which W 1 denotes H, F, Cl, CN, CF₃, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to         5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH₃, W² and W³ each,         independently of one another, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 5 C         atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W⁴, W⁵ and W⁶         each, independently of one another, denote CI, oxaalkyl or         oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, W⁷ and W⁸ each,         independently of one another, denote H, Cl or alkyl having 1 to         5 C atoms, Phe denotes 1,4-phenylene, k₁, k₂ and k₃ each,         independently of one another, denote 0 or 1, k₃ preferably         denotes 1, and k₄ denotes an integer from 1 to 10.

Very particularly preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of CH₂═CW¹—CO—O—, in particular CH₂═CH—CO—O—, CH₂═C(CH₃)—CO—O— and CH₂═CF—CO—O—, furthermore CH₂═CH—O—, (CH₂═CH)₂CH—O—CO—, (CH₂═CH)₂CH—O—,

Further preferred polymerisable groups P are selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide, most preferably from acrylate and methacrylate.

If the spacer group Sp is different from a single bond, it is preferably of the formula Sp″-X″, so that the respective radical P—Sp- conforms to the formula R—Sp″—X″—, wherein

-   -   Sp″ denotes linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 20,         preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, which is optionally mono- or         polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN and in which, in addition,         one or more non-adjacent CH₂ groups may each be replaced,         independently of one another, by —O—, —S—,     -   —NH—, —N(R⁰)—, —Si(R⁰R⁰⁰)—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—,         —S—CO—,     -   —CO—S—, —N(R⁰⁰)—CO—O—, —O—CO—N(R⁰)—, —N(R⁰)—CO—N(R⁰⁰)—, —CH═CH—         or —C≡C— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked         directly to one another,     -   X″ denotes —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —CO—N(R⁰)—,         —N(R⁰)—CO—, —N(R⁰)—CO—N(R⁰⁰)—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —SCH₂—, —CH₂S—,         —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂S—, —SCF₂—, —CF₂CH₂—, —CH₂CF₂—, —CF₂CF₂—,         —CH═N—, —N═CH—, —N═N—, —CH═CR⁰—, —CY²═CY³—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—CO—O—,         —O—CO—CH═CH— or a single bond,     -   R⁰ and R⁰⁰, each, independently of one another, denote H or         alkyl having 1 to 20 C atoms, and     -   Y² and Y³ each, independently of one another, denote H, F, Cl or         CN.     -   X″ is preferably —O—, —S—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —O—COO—,         —CO—NR⁰—, —NR⁰—CO—, —NR⁰—CO—NR⁰⁰— or a single bond.

Typical spacer groups Sp and —Sp″—X″— are, for example, —(CH₂)_(p1)—, —(CH₂)_(p1)—O—, —(CH₂)_(p1)—O—CO—, —(CH₂)_(p1)—CO—O—, —(CH₂)_(p1)—O—CO—O—, —(CH₂CH₂O)_(q1)—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—S—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—NH—CH₂CH₂— or —(SiR⁰R⁰⁰—O)_(p1)—, in which p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, and R⁰ and R⁰⁰ have the meanings indicated above.

Particularly preferred groups Sp and —Sp″—X″— are —(CH₂)_(p1)—, —(CH₂)_(p1)—O—, —(CH₂)_(p1)—O—CO—, —(CH₂)_(p1)—CO—O—, —(CH₂)_(p1)—O—CO—O—, in which p1 and q1 have the meanings indicated above.

Particularly preferred groups Sp″ are, in each case straight-chain, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxybutylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene, 1-methylalkylene, ethenylene, propenylene and butenylene.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the compounds of formula P and its subformulae contain a spacer group Sp that is substituted by one or more polymerisable groups P, so that the group Sp-P corresponds to Sp(P)_(s), with s being ≥2 (branched polymerisable groups).

Preferred compounds of formula P according to this preferred embodiment are those wherein s is 2, i.e., compounds which contain a group Sp(P)₂. Very preferred compounds of formula P according to this preferred embodiment contain a group selected from the following formulae:

—X-alkyl-CHPP  S1

—X-alkyl-CH((CH₂)_(aa)P)((CH₂)_(bb)P)  S2

—X—N((CH₂)_(aa)P)((CH₂)_(bb)P)  S3

—X-alkyl-CHP—CH₂—CH₂P  S4

—X-alkyl-C(CH₂P)(CH₂P)—C_(aa)H_(2aa+1)  S5

—X-alkyl-CHP—CH₂P  S6

—X-alkyl-CPP—C_(aa)H_(2aa+1)  S7

—X-alkyl-CHPCHP—C_(aa)H_(2aa+1)  S8

-   -   in which P is as defined in formula P,     -   alkyl denotes a single bond or straight-chain or branched         alkylene having 1 to 12 C atoms which is unsubstituted or mono-         or polysubstituted by F, Cl or CN and in which one or more         non-adjacent CH₂ groups may each, independently of one another,         be replaced by —C(R⁰)═C(R⁰)—, —C≡C—, —N(R⁰)—, —O—, —S—, —CO—,         —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are         not linked directly to one another, where R⁰ has the meaning         indicated above,     -   aa and bb each, independently of one another, denote 0, 1, 2, 3,         4, 5 or 6,     -   X has one of the meanings indicated for X″, and is preferably O,         CO, SO₂, O—CO—, CO—O or a single bond.     -   Preferred spacer groups Sp(P)₂ are selected from formulae S1, S2         and S3.

Very preferred spacer groups Sp(P)₂ are selected from the following sub-formulae:

—CHPP  S1a

—O—CHPP  S1b

—CH₂—CHPP  S1c

—OCH₂—CHPP  S1d

—CH(CH₂—P)(CH₂—P)  S2a

—OCH(CH₂—P)(CH₂—P)  S2b

—CH₂—CH(CH₂—P)(CH₂—P)  S2c

—OCH₂—CH(CH₂—P)(CH₂—P)  S2d

—CO—NH((CH₂)₂P)((CH₂)₂P)  S3a

In the compounds of formula P and its sub-formulae as described above and below, P is preferably selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide, most preferably from acrylate and methacrylate.

Further preferred are compounds of formula P and its subformulae as described above and below, wherein all polymerisable groups P that are present in the compound have the same meaning, and very preferably denote acrylate or methacrylate, most preferably methacrylate.

In the compounds of formula P and its subformulae as described above and below, R preferably denotes P—Sp-.

Further preferred are compounds of formula P and its subformulae as described above and below, wherein Sp denotes a single bond or —(CH₂)_(p1)—, —O—(CH₂)_(p1)—, —O—CO—(CH₂)_(p1), or —CO—O—(CH₂)_(p1), wherein p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and, if Sp is —O—(CH₂)_(p1)—, —O—CO—(CH₂)_(p1) or —CO—O—(CH₂)_(p1) the O-atom or CO-group, respectively, is linked to the benzene ring.

Further preferred are compounds of formula P and its subformulae as described above and below, wherein at least one group Sp is a single bond.

Further preferred are compounds of formula P and its subformulae as described above and below, wherein at least one group Sp is different from a single bond, and is preferably selected from —(CH₂)_(p1)—, —O—(CH₂)_(p1)—, —O—CO—(CH₂)_(p1), or —CO—O—(CH₂)_(p1), wherein p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and, if Sp is —O—(CH₂)_(p1)—, —O—CO—(CH₂)_(p1) or —CO—O—(CH₂)_(p1) the O-atom or CO-group, respectively, is linked to the benzene ring.

Very preferred groups -A¹-(Z-A²)_(z)- in formula P are selected from the following formulae

-   -   wherein at least one benzene ring is substituted by at last one         group L and the benzene rings are optionally further substituted         by one or more groups L or P—Sp-.

Preferred compounds of formula P and their subformulae are selected from the following preferred embodiments, including any combination thereof:

-   -   All groups P in the compound have the same meaning,     -   -A¹-(Z-A²)_(z)- is selected from formulae A1, A2 and A5,     -   the compounds contain exactly two polymerizable groups         (represented by the groups P),     -   the compounds contain exactly three polymerizable groups         (represented by the groups P),     -   P is selected from the group consisting of acrylate,         methacrylate and oxetane, very preferably acrylate or         methacrylate,     -   P is methacrylate,     -   all groups Sp are a single bond,     -   at least one of the groups Sp is a single bond and at least one         of the groups Sp is different from a single bond,     -   Sp, when being different from a single bond, is —(CH₂)_(p2)—,         —(CH₂)_(p2)—O—,         -   —(CH₂)_(p2)—CO—O—, —(CH₂)_(p2)—O—CO—, wherein p2 is 2, 3, 4,             5 or 6, and the O-atom or the CO-group, respectively, is             connected to the benzene ring,     -   Sp is a single bond or denotes —(CH₂)_(p2)—, —(CH₂)_(p2)—O—,         —(CH₂)_(p2)—CO—O—, —(CH₂)_(p2)—O—CO—, wherein p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5         or 6, and the O-atom or the CO-group, respectively, is connected         to the benzene ring,     -   R denotes P—Sp-,     -   R does not denote or contain a polymerizable group,     -   R does not denote or contain a polymerizable group and denotes         straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms,         wherein one or more non-adjacent CH₂-groups are optionally         replaced by —O—,         -   —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— in such a manner that O-             and/or S-atoms are not directly connected with each other,             and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced             by F, Cl or L^(a),     -   L or L′ denote F, Cl or CN,     -   L is F.

Suitable and preferred compounds of formula P are selected from the following formulae:

-   -   in which the individual radicals have the following meanings:     -   P¹, P² and P³ each, independently of one another, denote an         acrylate or methacrylate group,     -   Sp¹, Sp² and Spa each, independently of one another, denote a         single bond or a spacer group having one of the meanings         indicated above and below for Sp, and particularly preferably         denote —(CH₂)_(p1)—, —(CH₂)_(p1)—O—, —(CH₂)_(p1)—CO—O—,         —(CH₂)_(p1)—O—CO— or —(CH₂)_(p1)—O—CO—O—, in which p1 is an         integer from 1 to 12, where, in addition, one or more of the         radicals P¹—Sp¹-, P²—Sp²- and P³—Sp³- may denote R^(aa), with         the proviso that at least one of the radicals P¹—Sp¹-, P²—Sp²-         and P³—Sp³- present is different from R^(aa),     -   R^(aa) denotes H, F, Cl, CN or straight-chain or branched alkyl         having 1 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more         non-adjacent CH₂ groups may each be replaced, independently of         one another, by —C(R⁰)═C(R⁰⁰)—, —C≡C—, —N(R⁰)—, —O—, —S—, —CO—,         —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— in such a way that 0 and/or S atoms are         not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition,         one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, CN or P¹—Sp¹-,         particularly preferably straight-chain or branched, optionally         mono- or polyfluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl,         alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or         alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms (where the alkenyl and         alkynyl radicals have at least two C atoms and the branched         radicals have at least three C atoms),     -   R⁰, R⁰⁰ each, independently of one another and identically or         differently on each occurrence, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 12         C atoms,     -   R^(y) and R^(z) each, independently of one another, denote H, F,         CH₃ or CF₃,     -   X¹, X² and X³ each, independently of one another, denote —CO—O—,         —O—CO— or a single bond,     -   Z¹ denotes —O—, —CO—, —C(R^(y)R^(z))— or —CF₂CF₂—,     -   Z² and Z³ each, independently of one another, denote —CO—O—,         —O—CO—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂— or —(CH₂)_(n)—, where n         is 2, 3 or 4,     -   L on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes F, Cl,         CN or straight-chain or branched, optionally mono- or         polyfluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl,         alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1         to 12 C atoms, preferably F,     -   L′ and L″ each, independently of one another, denote H, F or Cl,     -   k denotes 0 or 1,     -   r denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,     -   s denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3,     -   t denotes 0, 1 or 2,     -   x denotes 0 or 1.

Especially preferred are compounds of the formulae P2, P13, P17, P22, P23, P24, P30, P31 and P32.

Further preferred are trireaktive compounds P15 to P30, in particular P17, P18, P19, P22, P23, P24, P25, P26, P30, P31 and P32.

In the compounds of formulae P1 to P32 the group

-   -   is preferably

-   -   wherein L on each occurrence, identically or differently, has         one of the meanings given above or below, and is preferably F,         Cl, CN, NO₂, CH₃, C₂H₅, C(CH₃)₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH(CH₃)C₂H₅, OCH₃,         OC₂H₅, COCH₃, COC₂H₅, COOCH₃, COOC₂H₅, CF₃, OCF₃, OCHF₂, OC₂F₅         or P—Sp-, very preferably F, Cl, CN, CH₃, C₂H₅, OCH₃, COCH₃,         OCF₃ or P—Sp-, more preferably F, Cl, CH₃, OCH₃, COCH₃ oder         OCF₃, especially F or CH₃.

Very particularly preferred compounds of the formula P are selected from Table E below, especially selected from the group consisting of formulae RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48, RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-58, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-91, RM-102, RM-103, RM-109, RM-116, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, RM-139, RM-140, RM-142, RM-143, RM-145, RM-146, RM-147, RM-149, RM-156 to RM-163, RM-169, RM-170 and RM-171 to RM-183.

For the production of PSA displays, the polymerisable compounds contained in the LC medium are polymerised or crosslinked (if one compound contains two or more polymerisable groups) by in-situ polymerisation in the LC medium between the substrates of the LC display, optionally while a voltage is applied to the electrodes.

The structure of the PSA displays according to the invention corresponds to the usual geometry for PSA displays, as described in the prior art cited at the outset. Geometries without protrusions are preferred, in particular those in which, in addition, the electrode on the colour filter side is unstructured and only the electrode on the TFT side has slots. Particularly suitable and preferred electrode structures for PS-VA displays are described, for example, in US 2006/0066793 A1.

A preferred PSA type LC display of the present invention comprises:

-   -   a first substrate including a pixel electrode defining pixel         areas, the pixel electrode being connected to a switching         element disposed in each pixel area and optionally including a         micro-slit pattern, and optionally a first alignment layer         disposed on the pixel electrode,     -   a second substrate including a common electrode layer, which may         be disposed on the entire portion of the second substrate facing         the first substrate, and optionally a second alignment layer,     -   an LC layer disposed between the first and second substrates and         including an LC medium comprising a polymerisable component         comprising one or more compounds of formula R and a liquid         crystal host including as described above and below, wherein the         polymerisable component may also be polymerised.

The first and/or second alignment layer controls the alignment direction of the LC molecules of the LC layer. For example, in PS-VA displays the alignment layer is selected such that it imparts to the LC molecules homeotropic (or vertical) alignment (i.e., perpendicular to the surface) or tilted alignment. Such an alignment layer may for example comprise a polyimide, which may also be rubbed, or may be prepared by a photoalignment method.

The LC layer with the LC medium can be deposited between the substrates of the display by methods that are conventionally used by display manufacturers, for example the so-called one-drop-filling (ODF) method. The polymerisable component of the LC medium is then polymerised for example by UV photopolymerisation. The polymerisation can be carried out in one step or in two or more steps.

The PSA display may comprise further elements, like a colour filter, a black matrix, a passivation layer, optical retardation layers, transistor elements for addressing the individual pixels, etc., all of which are well known to the person skilled in the art and can be employed without inventive skill.

The electrode structure can be designed by the skilled person depending on the individual display type. For example, for PS-VA displays a multi-domain orientation of the LC molecules can be induced by providing electrodes having slits and/or bumps or protrusions in order to create two, four or more different tilt alignment directions.

Upon polymerisation the polymerisable compounds form a crosslinked polymer, which causes a certain pretilt of the LC molecules in the LC medium. Without wishing to be bound to a specific theory, it is believed that at least a part of the crosslinked polymer, which is formed by the polymerisable compounds, will phase-separate or precipitate from the LC medium and form a polymer layer on the substrates or electrodes, or the alignment layer provided thereon. Microscopic measurement data (like SEM and AFM) have confirmed that at least a part of the formed polymer accumulates at the LC/substrate interface.

The polymerisation can be carried out in one step. It is also possible firstly to carry out the polymerisation, optionally while applying a voltage, in a first step in order to produce a pretilt angle, and subsequently, in a second polymerisation step without an applied voltage, to polymerise or crosslink the compounds which have not reacted in the first step (“end curing”).

Suitable and preferred polymerisation methods are, for example, thermal or photopolymerisation, preferably photopolymerisation, in particular UV induced photopolymerisation, which can be achieved by exposure of the polymerisable compounds to UV radiation.

Optionally one or more polymerisation initiators are added to the LC medium. Suitable conditions for the polymerisation and suitable types and amounts of initiators are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in the literature. Suitable for free-radical polymerisation are, for example, the commercially available photoinitiators Irgacure651®, Irgacure184®, Irgacure907®, Irgacure369® or Darocure1173® (Ciba AG). If a polymerisation initiator is employed, its proportion is preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight.

The polymerisable compounds according to the invention are also suitable for polymerisation without an initiator, which is accompanied by considerable advantages, such, for example, lower material costs and in particular less contamination of the LC medium by possible residual amounts of the initiator or degradation products thereof. The polymerisation can thus also be carried out without the addition of an initiator. In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium thus does not contain a polymerisation initiator.

The LC medium may also comprise one or more stabilisers in order to prevent undesired spontaneous polymerisation of the RMs, for example during storage or transport. Suitable types and amounts of stabilisers are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in the literature. Particularly suitable are, for example, the commercially available stabilisers from the Irganox® series (Ciba AG), such as, for example, Irganox® 1076. If stabilisers are employed, their proportion, based on the total amount of RMs or the polymerisable component (component P), is preferably 10-500,000 ppm, particularly preferably 50-50,000 ppm.

The polymerisable compounds of formula P in particular show good UV absorption in, and are therefore especially suitable for, a process of preparing a PSA display including one or more of the following features:

-   -   the polymerisable medium is exposed to UV light in the display         in a 2-step process, including a first UV exposure step (“UV-1         step”) to generate the tilt angle, and a second UV exposure step         (“UV-2 step”) to finish polymerization,     -   the polymerisable medium is exposed to UV light in the display         generated by an energy-saving UV lamp (also known as “green UV         lamps”). These lamps are characterized by a relative low         intensity (1/100-1/10 of a conventional UV1 lamp) in their         absorption spectra from 300-380 nm, and are preferably used in         the UV2 step, but are optionally also used in the UV1 step when         avoiding high intensity is necessary for the process.     -   the polymerisable medium is exposed to UV light in the display         generated by a UV lamp with a radiation spectrum that is shifted         to longer wavelengths, preferably 340 nm or more, to avoid short         UV light exposure in the PS-VA process.

Both using lower intensity and a UV shift to longer wavelengths protect the organic layer against damage that may be caused by the UV light.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a process for preparing a PSA display as described above and below, comprising one or more of the following features:

-   -   the polymerisable LC medium is exposed to UV light in a 2-step         process, including a first UV exposure step (“UV-1 step”) to         generate the tilt angle, and a second UV exposure step (“UV-2         step”) to finish polymerization,     -   the polymerisable LC medium is exposed to UV light generated by         a UV lamp having an intensity of from 0.5 mW/cm² to 10 mW/cm² in         the wavelength range from 300-380 nm, preferably used in the UV2         step, and optionally also in the UV1 step,     -   the polymerisable LC medium is exposed to UV light having a         wavelength of 340 nm or more, and preferably 400 nm or less.

This preferred process can be carried out for example by using the desired UV lamps or by using a band pass filter and/or a cut-off filter, which are substantially transmissive for UV light with the respective desired wavelength(s) and are substantially blocking light with the respective undesired wavelengths. For example, when irradiation with UV light of wavelengths X of 300-400 nm is desired, UV exposure can be carried out using a wide band pass filter being substantially transmissive for wavelengths 300 nm<λ<400 nm. When irradiation with UV light of wavelength X of more than 340 nm is desired, UV exposure can be carried out using a cut-off filter being substantially transmissive for wavelengths λ>340 nm.

“Substantially transmissive” means that the filter transmits a substantial part, preferably at least 50% of the intensity, of incident light of the desired wavelength(s).

“Substantially blocking” means that the filter does not transmit a substantial part, preferably at least 50% of the intensity, of incident light of the undesired wavelengths.

“Desired (undesired) wavelength” e.g., in case of a band pass filter means the wavelengths inside (outside) the given range of λ, and in case of a cut-off filter means the wavelengths above (below) the given value of λ.

This preferred process enables the manufacture of displays by using longer UV wavelengths, thereby reducing or even avoiding the hazardous and damaging effects of short UV light components.

UV radiation energy is in general from 6 to 100 J, depending on the production process conditions.

Preferably the LC medium according to the present invention essentially consist of a polymerisable component P) comprising or one or more polymerisable compounds of formula P, and an LC host mixture, and an optically active component comprising one or more chiral dopants, as described above and below. However, the LC medium may additionally comprise one or more further components or additives, preferably selected from the list including but not limited to co-monomers, polymerisation initiators, inhibitors, stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, dispersing agents, hydrophobing agents, adhesive agents, flow improvers, defoaming agents, deaerators, diluents, reactive diluents, auxiliaries, colourants, dyes, pigments and nanoparticles.

Particular preference is given to LC media comprising one, two or three polymerisable compounds of formula P.

Preferably the proportion of compounds of formula P in the LC medium is from >0 to <5%, very preferably from >0 to <1%, most preferably from 0.01 to 0.5%. In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula S in a total concentration in the range of from 10 ppm to 2000 ppm, more preferably from 100 ppm to 1000 ppm, still more preferably from 150 ppm to 500 ppm, very preferably from 200 ppm to 400 ppm and in particular from 250 to 300 ppm.

In another preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula S in a total concentration in the range of from 1000 ppm to 5000 ppm, more preferably from more than 1000 ppm to 5000 ppm, still more preferably from 1200 ppm to 4500 ppm, very preferably from 2000 ppm to 4000 ppm and in particular from 2500 to 3500 ppm.

The medium according to the invention preferably has negative dielectric anisotropy.

The medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formula I in a total concentration in the range of from >0% to 20%, preferably from 1% to 15%, more preferably from 2% to 13%, very preferably from 3% to 12%.

The medium according to the invention preferably comprises

-   -   one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of         the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID in a total concentration in         the range of from 9% to 70%, more preferably from 10% to 65% and         very preferably from 11% to 64%, in particular from 28% to 42%         or from 9% to 20% or from 50% to 64%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of         the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC, IID and in addition one or more         compounds of the formula III in a total concentration in the         range of from 20% to 60%, more preferably from 25% to 55% and         very preferably from 27% to 52%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula IIA, preferably of the         formula IIA-10, in a total concentration in the range of from 1%         to 30%, more preferably from 2% to 28% and very preferably from         3% to 27%;         or     -   one or more compounds of the formula IIA, preferably of the         formula IIA-10, preferably in a total concentration in the range         of from 1% to 10%, more preferably from 2% to 9% and very         preferably from 3% to 8%;     -   or less than 2% of one or more compounds of formula IIA,         preferably 0 to 1%, and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula IIB, preferably of the         formula IIB-2 and/or IIB-10, in a total concentration in the         range of from 1% to 30%, more preferably from 2% to 28% and very         preferably from 3% to 25%, in particular from 10% or 15% to 25%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula IIC, preferably in a total         concentration in the range of from 1% to 20%, more preferably         from 2% to 18% and very preferably from 3% to 16%, in particular         from 4% to 15%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula IID and, preferably of the         formula IID-4 preferably in a total concentration in the range         of from 5% to 25%, more preferably from 7% to 20% and very         preferably from 8% to 18%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formulae IIB and IID, in a total         concentration in the range of from 18% to 45%, more preferably         from 22% to 38% and very preferably from 25% to 35%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formulae IIB and IIC, in a total         concentration in the range of from 5% to 28%, more preferably         from 8% to 23% and very preferably from 10% to 20%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula III, preferably of the         formula III-2, more preferably of the formula III-2-6,         preferably in a total concentration in the range of from 3% to         20%, more preferably from 5% to 17% and very preferably from 6%         to 15%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula III-2, more preferably of         the formula III-2-6, and one or more compounds of the formula         III-3, in a total concentration in the range of from 10% to 30%,         more preferably from 15% to 27% and very preferably from 18% to         24%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula IV in a total concentration         in the range of from 20% to 65%, more preferably from 28% to         58%, still more preferably from 30% to 55% and very preferably         from 32% to 50%, in particular from 35% to 48%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula IV and one or more         compounds of the formula Iva and/or IVb, preferably in a total         concentration in the range of from 28% to 70%, more preferably         from 30% to 65%, still more preferably from 35% to 62% and very         preferably from 40% to 60%, in particular from 42% to 58%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula IV-1, preferably in a total         concentration in the range of from 1% to 15%, more preferably         from 2% to 12%, still more preferably from 3% to 10% and very         preferably from 3% to 8%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula IV-2, preferably in a total         concentration in the range of from 0.2% to 5%, more preferably         from 0.5% to 3%, still more preferably from 1% to 2%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula IV-3, preferably selected         from the formulae IV-3-1 and IV-3-2, very preferably of the         formulae IV-3-1a and/or IV-3-1c and/or IV-3-2a and/or IV-3-2b,         preferably in a total concentration in the range of from 25% to         55%, more preferably from 28% to 50%, still more preferably from         32% to 47% and very preferably from 38% to 45%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formulae IV-3-2a and/or IV-3-2b,         preferably in a total concentration in the range of from 16% to         32%, more preferably from 18% to 30%, still more preferably from         20% to 28% and very preferably from 22% to 26%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula IVb, preferably IVb-2-3, in         a total concentration in the range of from 1% to 20%, more         preferably from 2% to 18%, still more preferably from 4% to 16%         and very preferably from 5% to 15%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula V in a total concentration         in the range of from 3% to 15%, more preferably from 4% to 14%,         still more preferably from 5% to 13% and very preferably from 6%         to 12%;         and/or     -   one or more compounds of the formula IIA-Y, preferably of the         formula IIA-Y6, in a total concentration in the range of from         0.5% to 10%, more preferably from 1% to 8%, and very preferably         from 2% to 5%.

In a very preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises

-   -   one or more compounds of formula I-3a, and     -   one or more compounds of the formula IIB, preferably of the         formula IIB-2 and/or IIB-10, in a total concentration in the         range of from 12% to 32%, more preferably from 14% to 30% and         very preferably from 15% to 27%, and     -   one or more compounds of the formula IID, preferably of the         formula IID-4 preferably in a total concentration in the range         of from 5% to 20%, more preferably from 7% to 18% and very         preferably from 8% to 16%;         and     -   one, two or three compounds of the formula III-2-6 in a total         concentration in the range of from 3% to 20%, more preferably         from 5% to 17% and very preferably from 7% to 15%;         and     -   one or more compounds of the formula IV-1 in a total         concentration in the range of from 1% to 15%, more preferably         from 2% to 12%, still more preferably from 3% to 10% and very         preferably from 3% to 8%;         and     -   one or more compounds of the formulae IV-3-1a and/or IV-3-1b in         a total concentration in the range of from 12% to 25%, more         preferably from 14% to 22%, and very preferably from 16% to 20%;         and     -   one or more compounds of the formulae IV-3-2a and/or IV-3-2b, in         a total concentration in the range of from 16% to 32%, more         preferably from 18% to 30%, still more preferably from 20% to         28% and very preferably from 22% to 26%.

In another very preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises

-   -   one or more compounds of formula I-3b, and     -   one or more compounds of the formula IIB, preferably of the         formula IIB-2 and/or IIB-10 in a total concentration in the         range of from 6% to 32%, more preferably from 9% to 30% and very         preferably from 10% to 22%, and     -   one or more compounds of the formula IID, preferably of the         formula IID-4 preferably in a total concentration in the range         of from 5% to 25%, more preferably from 7% to 22% and very         preferably from 8% to 20%;         and     -   one, two or three compounds of the formula III-2-6 in a total         concentration in the range of from 3% to 20%, more preferably         from 5% to 17% and very preferably from 7% to 15%;         and     -   one or more compounds of the formula IV-1 in a total         concentration in the range of from 1% to 20%, more preferably         from 2% to 18%, still more preferably from 3% to 15% and very         preferably from 4% to 13%;         and     -   one or more compounds of the formulae IV-3-1a and/or IV-3-1b         and/or IV-3-1c in a total concentration in the range of from 12%         to 40%, more preferably from 14% to 35%, and very preferably         from 16% to 30%;         and     -   one or more compounds of the formulae IV-3-2a and/or IV-3-2b, in         a total concentration in the range of from 3% to 35%, more         preferably from 5% to 30%, still more preferably from 6% to 26%         and very preferably from 7% to 24%.

It is advantageous for the liquid-crystalline medium according to the invention to preferably have a nematic phase from ≤−20° C. to ≥70° C., particularly preferably from ≤−30° C. to ≥72° C., very particularly preferably from ≤−40° C. to ≥74° C.

In a first preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention has a clearing temperature of 70° C. or more, preferably of 72° C. or more, more preferably of 73° C. or more and in particular of 74° C. or more.

The expression “have a nematic phase” herein means on the one hand that no smectic phase and no crystallisation are observed at low temperatures at the corresponding temperature and on the other hand that clearing (phase transition to the isotropic phase) still does not occur on heating from the nematic phase. The investigation at low temperatures is carried out in a flow viscometer at the corresponding temperature and checked by storage in test cells having a layer thickness corresponding to the electro-optical use for at least 100 hours. If the storage stability at a temperature of −20° C. in a corresponding test cell is 1000 h or more, the medium is referred to as stable at this temperature. At temperatures of −30° C. and −40° C., the corresponding times are 500 h and 250 h respectively. At high temperatures, the clearing point is measured by conventional methods in capillaries.

The liquid-crystal mixture preferably has a flow viscosity ν₂₀ of at most 30 mm²·s⁻¹ at 20° C.

The liquid crystal mixture according to the invention is nematic, preferably at a temperature of −20° C. or less, preferably at −30° C. or less, very preferably at −40° C. or less.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium has a birefringence of 0.105 or more.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium has a birefringence in the range of from 0.1050 to 0.155, more preferably from 0.1055 to 0.150, very preferably from 0.110 to 0.145 and in particular from 0.115 to 0.143.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium has a birefringence in the range of from 0.125 to 0.155, more preferably from 0.130 to 0.150, very preferably from 0.135 to 0.145 and in particular from 0.137 to 0.143.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium has a birefringence in the range of from 0.100 to 0.113, preferably from 0.105 to 0.109.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium has a birefringence in the range of from 0.115 to 0128, preferably from 0.118 to 0.122.

In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystal mixture according to the invention has a dielectric anisotropy Δε of −1.8 to −5.0, preferably of −1.9 to −4.8, in particular −2.0 to −3.9.

In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystal mixture according to the invention has a dielectric anisotropy Δε of −2.0 to −3.8, preferably of −2.3 to −3.4, in particular −2.8 to −3.2.

The rotational viscosity γ₁ at 20° C. is preferably in the range of from 60 to 120 mPas, more preferably from 70 to 110 mPa s.

The elastic constant K₁ is preferably in the range of from 17.0 to 25.0., more preferably from 18.0 to 24.0, in particular from 19.0 to 22.0.

The elastic constant K₃ is preferably in the range of from 16.0 to 24.0., more preferably from 17.0 to 23.0, in particular from 18.0 to 21.0.

In addition, the liquid-crystal media according to the invention have high values for the voltage holding ratio in liquid-crystal cells.

In general, liquid-crystal media having a low addressing voltage or threshold voltage exhibit a lower voltage holding ratio than those having a higher addressing voltage or threshold voltage and vice versa.

For the present invention, the term “dielectrically positive compounds” denotes compounds having a Δε>1.5, the term “dielectrically neutral compounds” denotes those having −1.5≤Δε≤1.5 and the term “dielectrically negative compounds” denotes those having Δε<−1.5. The dielectric anisotropy of the compounds is determined here by dissolving 10% of the compounds in a liquid-crystalline host and determining the capacitance of the resultant mixture in at least one test cell in each case having a layer thickness of 20 μm with homeotropic and with homogeneous surface alignment at 1 kHz. The measurement voltage is typically 0.5 V to 1.0 V but is always lower than the capacitive threshold of the respective liquid-crystal mixture investigated.

All temperature values indicated for the present invention are in ° C.

The mixtures according to the invention are suitable for all VA-TFT applications, such as, for example, VAN, MVA, (S)-PVA, ASV, PSA (polymer sustained VA) and PS-VA (polymer stabilized VA). They are furthermore suitable for IPS (in-plane switching) and FFS (fringe field switching) applications having negative Δε, in particular UB-FFS.

It goes without saying for the person skilled in the art that the VA, IPS or FFS mixture according to the invention may also comprise compounds in which, for example, H, N, O, Cl and F have been replaced by the corresponding isotopes.

The compounds according to the present invention can be synthesized by or in analogy to known methods described in the literature (for example in the standard works such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), under reaction conditions which are known and suitable for said reactions. Use may also be made here of variants which are known per se but are not mentioned here. In particular, they can be prepared as described in or in analogy to the following reaction schemes. Further methods for preparing the inventive compounds can be taken from the examples.

Other mesogenic compounds which are not explicitly mentioned above can optionally and advantageously also be used in the media in accordance with the present invention. Such compounds are known to the person skilled in the art.

For the present invention and in the following examples, the structures of the liquid-crystal compounds are indicated by means of acronyms, with the transformation into chemical formulae taking place in accordance with Tables A to C below. All radicals C_(m)H_(2m+1), C_(n)H_(2n+1), and C_(l)H_(2l+1) or C_(m)H_(2m-1), C_(n)H_(2n-1) and C_(l)H_(2l-1) are straight-chain alkyl radicals or alkylene radicals, in each case having n, m and l C atoms respectively. Preferably n, m and l are independently of each other 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. Table A shows the codes for the ring elements of the nuclei of the compound, Table B lists the bridging units, and Table C lists the meanings of the symbols for the left- and right-hand end groups of the molecules. The acronyms are composed of the codes for the ring elements with optional linking groups, followed by a first hyphen and the codes for the left-hand end group, and a second hyphen and the codes for the right-hand end group. Table D shows illustrative structures of compounds together with their respective abbreviations.

TABLE A Ring elements C

D

DI

A

AI

P

G

GI

U

UI

Y

P(F,Cl)Y

P(Cl,F)Y

np

n3f

nN3fl

th

thl

tH2f

tH2fl

o2f

o2fl

dh

B

B(S)

O

S

K

KI

L

LI

F

FI

Bh

Bh(S)

Bf

Bf(S)

Bfi

Bfi(S)

TABLE B Bridging units E —CH₂—CH₂— V —CH═CH— T —C≡C— W —CF₂—CF₂— B —CF═CF— Z —CO—O— ZI —O—CO— X —CF═CH— XI —CH═CF— O —CH₂—O— OI —O—CH₂— Q —CF₂—O— QI —O—CF₂—

TABLE C End groups On the left individually or in combi- On the right individually or in combi- nation nation -n- C_(n)H_(2n+1)— -n —C_(n)H_(2n+1) -nO- C_(n)H_(2n+1)—O— -On —O—C_(n)H_(2n+1) -V- CH₂═CH— -V —CH═CH₂ -nV- C_(n)H_(2n+1)—CH═CH— -nV —C_(n)H_(2n)—CH═CH₂ -Vn- CH₂═CH—C_(n)H_(2n—) -Vn —CH═CH—C_(n)H_(2n+1) -nVm- C_(n)H_(2n+1)—CH═CH—C_(m)H_(2m)— -nVm —C_(n)H2_(n)—CH═CH—C_(m)H_(2m)+1 -N- N≡C— -N —C≡N -S- S═C═N— -S —N═C═S -F- F— -F —F -CL- Cl— -CL —Cl -M- CFH₂— -M —CFH₂ -D- CF₂H— -D —CF₂H -T- CF₃— -T —CF₃ -MO- CFH₂O— -OM —OCFH₂ -DO- CF₂HO— -OD —OCF₂H -TO- CF₃O— -OT —OCF₃ -A- H—C≡C— -A —C≡C—H -nA- C_(n)H_(2n+1)—C≡C— -An —C≡C—C_(n)H_(2n+1) -NA- N≡C—C≡C— -AN —C≡C—C≡N -(cn)-

-(cn)

-(cn)m-

-m(cn)

On the left only in combination On the right only in combination - . . . n . . . - —C_(n)H_(2n)— - . . . n . . . —C_(n)H_(2n—) - . . . M . . . - —CFH— - . . . M . . . —CFH— - . . . D . . . - —CF₂— - . . . D . . . —CF₂— - . . . V . . . - —CH═CH— - . . . V . . . —CH═CH— - . . . Z . . . - —CO—O— - . . . Z . . . —CO—O— - . . . ZI . . .- —O—CO— - . . . ZI . . . —O—CO— - . . . K . . . - —CO— - . . . K . . . —CO— - . . . W . . . - —CF═CF— - . . . W . . . —CF≡CF—

-   -   in which n and m are each integers, and the three dots “ . . . ”         are placeholders for other abbreviations from this table.

Apart from the compounds of formula I, IIA, IIB, IIC and/or IID, IVa, IVb and V, the mixtures according to the invention optionally comprise one or more compounds of the compounds mentioned below.

The following abbreviations are used:

-   -   (n, m, k and l are, independently of one another, each an         integer, preferably 1 to 9 preferably 1 to 7, k and I possibly         may be also 0 and preferably are 0 to 4, more preferably 0 or 2         and most preferably 2, n preferably is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, in the         combination “-nO-” it preferably is 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 2         or 4, m preferably is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, in the combination “-Om”         it preferably is 1, 2, 3 or 4, more preferably 2 or 4. The         combination “-IVm” preferably is “2V1”.)

TABLE D

CC-n-m

CC-n-Om

CC-n-V

CC-n-Vm

CC-n-IV

CC-n-IVm

CC-V-V

CC-V-IV

CC-V-Vm

CC-Vk-IV

CC-nV-IV

CC-nV-Vm

CC-n-VV

CC-n-VVm

CVC-n-V

CVC-n-Vm

CP-n-m

CP-n-Om

PP-n-m

PP-n-Om

CCP-n-m

CCP-n-Om

CCP-V-m

CCP-nV-m

CCP-VI-m

CCP-nVI-m

CCOC-n-m

CCZC-n-m

CCVC-n-m

CCVC-n-V

CCVC-n-IV

CLP-n-m

CLP-V-n

CPP-n-m

CPG-n-m

CGP-n-m

PGP-n-m

PGP-n-IV

PGS-n-m

PUS-n-m

PYS-n-m

SGP-m-n

PGP-n-IVm

CCZPC-n-m

CPPC-n-m

CGPC-n-m

CPGP-n-m

CY-V-n

CY-V-On

CY-nV-m

CY-nV-Om

CY-VI-m

CY-VI-Om

CY-nVI-m

CY-nVI-Om

PY-V-n

PY-V-On

PY-nV-m

PY-nV-Om

PY-VI-m

PY-VI-Om

PY-nVI-m

PY-nVI-Om

CCY-V-n

CCY-V-On

CCY-nV-m

CCY-nV-Om

CCY-VI-m

CCY-VI-Om

CCY-nVI-m

CCY-nVI-Om

CPY-V-n

CPY-V-On

CPY-nV-m

CPY-nV-Om

CPY-VI-m

CPY-VI-Om

CPY-nVI-k

CPY-nVI-Om

CY-n-m

CY-n-Om

CVY-n-m

CVY-V-n

CZY-n-Om

COY-n-m

COY-n-Om

Y-n-m

Y-n-Om

Y-nO-Om

PY-n-m

PY-n-Om

CCY-n-m

CCY-n-Om

CCY-n-mOI

CCZY-n-Om

CCOY-n-m

CCOY-n-Om

CLOY-n-Om

CPY-n-m

CPY-n-Om

PYP-n-m

PYP-n-V

PYP-n-IV

PYP-n-Vm

/ PYP-n-IVm

CP(F,Cl)-n-Om

CLY-n-m

CLY-n-Om

CK-n-F

B-n-m

B-n-IV

B-Vn-IV

B-n-Om

B-nO-Om

CB-n-Om

PB-n-Om

B(S)-nO-Om

COB(S)-n-Om

B(S)-(c3)nO-Om

B(S)-(c5)nO-Om

B(S)-(c5)nO-Om(c3)

TABLE E Table E shows illustrative reactive mesogenic compounds which can be used in the LC media in accordance with the present invention.

RM-1

RM-2

RM-3

RM-4

RM-5

RM-6

RM-7

RM-8

RM-9

RM-10

RM-11

RM-12

RM-13

RM-14

RM-15

RM-16

RM-17

RM-18

RM-19

RM-20

RM-21

RM-22

RM-23

RM-24

RM-25

RM-26

RM-27

RM-28

RM-29

RM-30

RM-31

RM-32

RM-33

RM-34

RM-35

RM-36

RM-37

RM-38

RM-39

RM-40

RM-41

RM-42

RM-43

RM-44

RM-45

RM-46

RM-47

RM-48

RM-49

RM-50

RM-51

RM-52

RM-53

RM-54

RM-55

RM-56

RM-57

RM-58

RM-59

RM-60

RM-61

RM-62

RM-63

RM-64

RM-65

RM-66

RM-67

RM-68

RM-69

RM-70

RM-71

RM-72

RM-73

RM-74

RM-75

RM-76

RM-77

RM-78

RM-79

RM-80

RM-81

RM-82

RM-83

RM-84

RM-85

RM-86

RM-87

RM-88

RM-89

RM-90

RM-91

RM-92

RM-93

RM-94

RM-95

RM-96

RM-97

RM-98

RM-99

RM-100

RM-101

RM-102

RM-103

RM-104

RM-105

RM-106

RM-107

RM-108

RM-109

RM-110

RM-111

RM-112

RM-113

RM-114

RM-115

RM-116

RM-117

RM-118

RM-119

RM-120

RM-121

RM-122

RM-123

RM-124

RM-125

RM-126

RM-127

RM-128

RM-129

RM-130

RM-131

RM-132

RM-133

RM-134

RM-135

RM-136

RM-137

RM-138

RM-139

RM-140

RM-141

RM-142

RM-143

RM-144

RM-145

RM-146

RM-147

RM-148

RM-149

RM-150

RM-151

RM-152

RM-153

RM-154

RM-155

RM-156

RM-157

RM-158

RM-159

RM-160

RM-161

RM-162

RM-163

RM-164

RM-165

RM-166

RM-167

RM-168

RM-169

RM-170

RM-171

RM-172

RM-173

RM-174

RM-175

RM-176

RM-177

RM-178

RM-179

RM-180

RM-181

RM-182

RM-183

In a preferred embodiment, the mixtures according to the invention comprise one or more polymerizable compounds, preferably selected from the polymerizable compounds of the formulae RM-1 to RM-182. Of these, compounds RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48, RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-58, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-91, RM-102, RM-103, RM-109, RM-116, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, RM-139, RM-140, RM-142, RM-143, RM-145, RM-146, RM-147, RM-149, RM-156 to RM-163, RM-169, RM-170 and RM-171 to RM-183 are particularly preferred.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is illustrated in detail by the following non-restrictive working examples.

The following abbreviations and symbols are used:

-   -   V₀ threshold voltage, capacitive [V] at 20° C.,     -   n_(e) extraordinary refractive index at 20° C. and 589 nm,     -   n_(o) ordinary refractive index at 20° C. and 589 nm,     -   Δn optical anisotropy at 20° C. and 589 nm,     -   ε_(⊥) dielectric permittivity perpendicular to the director at         20° C. and 1 kHz,     -   ε_(∥) dielectric permittivity parallel to the director at 20° C.         and 1 kHz,     -   Δε dielectric anisotropy at 20° C. and 1 kHz,     -   cl.p., T(N,I) clearing point [° C.],     -   γ₁ rotational viscosity at 20° C. [mPa·s],     -   K₁ elastic constant, “splay” deformation at 20° C. [pN],     -   K₂ elastic constant, “twist” deformation at 20° C. [pN],     -   K₃ elastic constant, “bend” deformation at 20° C. [pN].

Unless explicitly noted otherwise, all concentrations in the present application are quoted in percent by weight and relate to the corresponding mixture as a whole, comprising all solid or liquid-crystalline components, without solvents.

Unless explicitly noted otherwise, all temperature values indicated in the present application, such as, for example, for the melting point T(C,N), the transition from the smectic (S) to the nematic (N) phase T(S,N) and the clearing point T(N,I), are quoted in degrees Celsius (° C.). M.p. denotes melting point, cl.p.=clearing point. Furthermore, C=crystalline state, N=nematic phase, S=smectic phase and I=isotropic phase. The data between these symbols represent the transition temperatures.

All physical properties are and have been determined in accordance with “Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals”, Status November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and apply for a temperature of 20° C., and Δn is determined at 589 nm and Δε at 1 kHz, unless explicitly indicated otherwise in each case.

The term “threshold voltage” for the present invention relates to the capacitive threshold (V₀), also known as the Freedericks threshold, unless explicitly indicated otherwise. In the examples, the optical threshold may also, as generally usual, be quoted for 10% relative contrast (V₁₀).

Unless stated otherwise, the process of polymerising the polymerisable compounds in the PSA displays as described above and below is carried out at a temperature where the LC medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase, preferably a nematic phase, and most preferably is carried out at room temperature.

Unless stated otherwise, methods of preparing test cells and measuring their electrooptical and other properties are carried out by the methods as described hereinafter or in analogy thereto.

The display used for measurement of the capacitive threshold voltage consists of two plane-parallel glass outer plates with a distance of 25 μm, each of which has on the inside an electrode layer and an unrubbed polyimide alignment layer on top, which effect homeotropic alignment of the liquid-crystal molecules.

The display or test cell used for measurement of the tilt angles consists of two plane-parallel glass outer plates at a separation of 4 μm, each of which has on the inside an electrode layer and a polyimide alignment layer on top, where the two polyimide layers are rubbed antiparallel to one another and effect a homeotropic edge alignment of the liquid-crystal molecules.

The polymerisable compounds are polymerised in the display or test cell by irradiation with UV light of defined intensity for a prespecified time, with a voltage simultaneously being applied to the display (usually 10 V to 30 V alternating current, 1 kHz). In the examples, unless indicated otherwise, a fluorescent lamp and an intensity of 0 to 20 mW/cm² is used for polymerisation. The intensity is measured using a standard meter (Ushio Accumulate UV meter with central wavelength of 313 nm).

The transmission measurements are performed in test cells with fishbone electrode layout (from Merck Ltd., Japan; 1 pixel fishbone electrode (ITO, 10×10 mm, 47.7° angle of fishbone with 3 μm line/3 μm space), 3.2 μm cell gap, AF-glass, tilt angle 1°).

The storage stability in the bulk (LTS_(bulk)) of the media according to the invention at a given temperature T is determined by visual inspection. 2 g of the media of interest are filled into a closed glass vessel (bottle) of appropriate size placed in a refrigerator at a predetermined temperature. The bottles are checked at defined time intervals for the occurrence of smectic phases or crystallisation. For every material and at each temperature two bottles are stored. If crystallisation or the appearance of a smectic phase is observed in at least one of the two correspondent bottles the test is terminated and the time of the last inspection before the one at which the occurrence of a higher ordered phase is observed is recorded as the respective storage stability.

MIXTURE EXAMPLES

The Mixture Examples M1 to M75 and P1 to P10 have the compositions and physical properties indicated in the following tables:

Mixture Example M1 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 90.4 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1203 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6079 CC-3-V 7.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4876 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CC-4-V1 16.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CC-3-5 4.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 107 CCP-3-1 5.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.8 CLY-3-O2 9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.2 CLY-3-O3 1.5% CPY-3-O2 12.0% PUS-3-2 5.0% PY-1-O2 10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M2 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 89.7 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1194 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6067 CC-3-V 8.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4873 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.1 CC-4-V1 15.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CC-3-5 6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 110 CCP-3-1 3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.8 CLY-3-O2 9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.1 CLY-5-O2 3.0% CPY-3-O2 11.5% PUS-3-2 5.0% PY-1-O2 10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M3 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 92.3 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1196 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6077 CC-3-V 22.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4881 CC-3-V1 10.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.1 CC-3-4 4.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-3-5 8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CCP-3-1 5.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 108 CCP-3-3 2.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.0 CLY-3-O2 9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.3 CLY-4-O2 5.0% CPY-3-O2 9.0% PY-1-O2 7.5% PYS-3-2 7.5% Σ 100.0%

In the following table, key parameters of the mixtures M1 to M3 are summarized.

K_(avg.) γ₁ γ₁/K₁₁ Δε Δn [pN] [mPas] [mPas/pN] M1 −3.0 0.120 16.0 107 5.4 M2 −3.1 0.119 16.0 110 5.5 M3 −3.1 0.120 16.1 109 5.4

By using a compound of the formula I in a medium with negative dielectric anisotropy, it was surprisingly found that a favourably low rotational viscosity (γ₁) and at the same time a very low ratio γ₁/K₁ can be achieved which improves the response time of a display.

Mixture Example M4 B(S)-(c3)1O-O2 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 91.6 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 25° C.]: 0.1200 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [25° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6080 CC-3-V 7.5% n_(o) [25° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4880 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 25° C.]: −3.0 CC-4-V1 16.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 25° C.]: 3.3 CC-5-V 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 25° C.]: 6.3 CC-3-5 4.5% γ₁ [mPa · s, 25° C.]: 111 CCP-3-1 5.5% CLY-3-O2 9.0% CLY-3-O3 1.5% CPY-3-O2 12.0% PUS-3-2 5.0% PY-1-O2 10.0%

Mixture Example M5 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 91.6 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 25° C.]: 0.1204 B(S)-(c5)1O-O2 3.0% n_(e) [25° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6084 CC-3-V 7.5% n_(o) [25° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4880 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 25° C.]: −3.0 CC-4-V1 16.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 25° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 25° C.]: 6.4 CC-3-5 4.5% γ₁ [mPa · s, 25° C.]: 112 CCP-3-1 5.5% CLY-3-O2 9.0% CLY-3-O3 1.5% CPY-3-O2 12.0% PUS-3-2 5.0% PY-1-O2 10.0%

Mixture Example M6 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 89.9 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 25° C.]: 0.1231 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [25° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6119 CC-3-V 7.5% n_(o) [25° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4888 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 25° C.]: −3.0 CC-4-V1 16.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 25° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 25° C.]: 6.4 CC-3-5 4.5% γ₁ [mPa · s, 25° C.]: 111 CCP-3-1 5.5% CLY-3-O2 9.0% CLY-3-O3 1.5% CPY-3-O2 12.0% PUS-(c5)-2 5.0% PY-1-O2 10.0%

Mixture Example M7 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 91.6 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 25° C.]: 0.1200 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [25° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6080 CC-3-V 7.5% n_(o) [25° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4880 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 25° C.]: −3.0 CC-4-V1 16.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 25° C.]: 3.3 CC-5-V 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 25° C.]: 6.3 CC-3-5 4.5% K₁ [pN, 25° C.]: 17.3 CLP-V-1 5.5% K₃ [pN, 25° C.]: 16.4 CLY-3-O2 9.0% γ₁ [mPa · s, 25° C.]: 109 CLY-3-O3 1.5% CPY-3-O2 12.0% PUS-3-2 5.0% PY-1-O2 10.0%

Mixture Example M8 B(S)-2O-O5 3.5% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 76.6 B-2O-O5 2.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1079 CC-3-V 34.5% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.5920 CC-3-V1 3.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4841 CCY-3-O2 6.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.9 CCY-4-O2 5.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.9 CLY-3-O2 6.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.8 CLY-3-O3 6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 95 CPY-2-O2 9.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.0 CPY-3-O2 5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.0 CY-3-O2 4.0% PGIY-2-O4 3.0% PUS-3-2 5.0% Y-4O-O4 7.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M9 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 88.5 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1195 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6068 CC-3-V 8.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4873 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.1 CC-4-V1 15.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CC-3-5 6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 109 CCP-3-1 3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.6 CLY-3-O2 9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.0 CLY-5O2 3.0% CPY-3-O2 11.5% PUS-2-2 5.0% PY-1-O2 10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M10 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 88.0 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1192 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6064 CC-3-V 8.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4872 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.1 CC-4-V1 15.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CC-3-5 6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 108 CCP-3-1 3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.3 CLY-3-O2 9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.2 CLY-5-O2 3.0% CPY-3-O2 11.5% PUS-2-1 5.0% PY-1-O2 10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M11 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 79.4 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1179 B(S)-2O-O6 2.5% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6055 CC-3-V 35.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4876 CC-3-V1 4.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.8 CCP-3-1 3.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CLY-3-O2 5.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.5 CLY-3-O3 3.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 97 CPY-2-O2 7.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.8 CPY-3-O2 9.5% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.2 CY-3-O2 10.0% CY-5-O2 1.5% PGIY-2-O4 5.0% PUS-3-2 4.0% PY-1-O2 1.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M12 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1418 B(S)-2O-O6 4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6402 CPP-3-2 6.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4984 CC-3-V 34.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.8 CCY-3-O2 4.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CCY-4-O2 2.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 COB(S)-2-O4 8.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 89 CPY-2-O2 4.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.9 CPY-3-O2 3.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.8 PGIY-2-O4 1.5% PP-1-2V1 11.5% PUS-3-2 10.5% Y-4O-O4 3.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M13 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1425 B(S)-2O-O6 4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6382 CPP-3-2 1.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4957 CC-3-V 39.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.1 CC-3-V1 6.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 COB(S)-2-O4 8.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.6 CPY-3-O2 3.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 75 PP-1-2V1 5.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.8 PUS-3-2 10.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.2 PYP-2-3 14.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M14 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74.1 B(S)-2O-O5 4.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1418 B(S)-2O-O6 4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6392 CC-3-V 39.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4974 CCY-3-O2 4.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.6 COB(S)-2-O4 8.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CPY-2-O2 2.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.1 CPY-3-O2 6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 83 PGIY-2-O4 1.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.2 PP-1-2V1 12.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.2 PUS-3-2 10.0% PYP-2-3 4.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M15 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 76.6 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1400 B(S)-2O-O6  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6371 CPP-3-2  5.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4971 CC-3-V  33.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.2 CC-3-V1  8.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CCY-3-O2  2.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.6 COB(S)-2-O4  8.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 81 CPY-3-O2  4.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.7 PGIY-2-O4  1.5% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.7 PP-1-2V1  12.0% PUS-3-2  5.0% PYP-2-3  8.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M16 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 76 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1405 B(S)-2O-O6  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6402 CPP-3-2  11.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4997 CC-3-V  39.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.0 COB(S)-2-O4  8.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CPY-3-O2  3.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.4 PGIY-2-O4  1.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 75 PP-1-2V1  12.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.5 PUS-3-2  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.7 PYP-2-3  6.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M17 B(S)-2O-O4  4.5% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1382 B(S)-2O-O6  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6356 CPP-3-2  5.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4974 CC-3-V  35.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.3 CC-3-V1  8.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CPY-3-O2  3.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.7 COB(S)-2-O4  8.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 78 PGIY-2-O4  4.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.1 PP-1-2V1  12.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.1 PUS-3-2  3.0% PYP-2-3  8.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M18 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74.2 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1398 B(S)-2O-O6  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6385 CPP-3-2  7.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4987 CC-3-V  41.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.2 COB(S)-2-O4  9.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CPY-3-O2  4.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.7 PGIY-2-O4  2.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 77 PP-1-2V1  11.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.9 PUS-3-2  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.5 PYP-2-3  8.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M19 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 76.6 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1402 B(S)-2O-O6  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6388 CPP-3-2  7.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4986 CC-3-V  42.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.0 COB(S)-2-O4  8.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CPY-2-O2  1.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.5 CPY-3-O2  4.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 77 PGIY-2-O4  1.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.4 PP-1-2V1  7.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.5 PUS-3-2  10.0% PYP-2-3  6.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M20 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 77.7 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1423 B(S)-2O-O6  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6407 CPP-3-2  6.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4984 CC-3-V  35.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −1.9 CC-3-V1  8.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 COB(S)-2-O4  8.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.4 CPY-3-O2  4.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 79 PP-1-2V1  7.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.7 PUS-3-2  10.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.1 PYP-2-3  8.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M21 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75.1 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1422 B(S)-2O-O6  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6406 CPP-3-2  4.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4984 CC-3-V  41.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.0 CC-3-V1  2.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 COB(S)-2-O4  8.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.5 CPY-3-O2  4.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 76 PP-1-2V1  6.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.7 PUS-3-2  10.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.3 PYP-2-3  12.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M22 CC-3-V  32.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74 CC-3-V1  8.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1086 CCY-3-O1  6.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.5931 CCY-3-O2  11.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4845 CCY-4-O2  5.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.1 CPY-3-O2  10.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CY-3-O2  4.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 PY-3-O2  18.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.0 PUS-3-2  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.7 Σ 100.0% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 1000

Mixture Example M23 CCY-3-O1  3.5% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 83 CLY-3-O2  10.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1059 CLY-3-O3  2.5% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.5879 CPY-2-O2  11.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4820 CPY-3-O2  12.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.4 CC-3-V  28.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CC-3-V1  10.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.0 CY-3-O2  14.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.0 CY-5-O2  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 17.1 PUS-3-2  3.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M24 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 96 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1197 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6069 CC-3-V  28.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4872 CC-3-V1  8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CC-5-V  9.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CCY-3-O2  7.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CLY-3-O2  9.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 110 CLY-5-O2  5.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.7 CPY-3-O2  12.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.5 PUS-3-2  9.0% Y-4O-O4  1.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M25 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 90.5 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1202 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6076 CC-3-V  11.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4874 CC-3-V1  8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CC-4-V1  16.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V  5.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CC-3-5  6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 108 CCP-3-1  5.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.6 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.4 CLY-3-O3  1.5% CPY-3-O2  12.0% PUS-3-2  5.0% PY-1-O2  10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M26 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 90 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1201 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6075 CC-3-V  11.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4874 CC-3-V1  8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.1 CC-4-V1  16.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V  5.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CC-3-5  6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 109 CCP-3-1  4.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.4 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.4 CLY-5-O2  2.0% CPY-3-O2  12.0% PUS-3-2  5.0% PY-1-O2  10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M27 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 95.5 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6090 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4892 CPP-3-2  1.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1198 CC-3-V  31.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-3-V1  10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.3 CC-4-V1  0.75% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CCP-3-1  8.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 109 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.2 CLY-5-O2  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.0 CPY-2-O2  5.25% CPY-3-O2  9.0% PUS-3-2  5.0% PY-1-O2  4.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M28 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 95.1 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6085 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4885 CPP-3-2  0.75% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1200 CC-3-V  28.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-3-V1  8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CC-4-V1  6.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CCP-3-1  8.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 109 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.1 CLY-5-O2  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.8 CPY-2-O2  4.25% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 1000 CPY-3-O2  9.0% PUS-3-2  5.0% PY-1-O2  5.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M29 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 94.8 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6080 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4882 CPP-3-2  0.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1198 CC-3-V  26.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-3-V1  8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CC-4-V1  6.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CC-3-5  2.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 111 CCP-3-1  4.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.3 CCP-3-3  3.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.7 CLY-3-O2  9.0% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 1000 CLY-5-O2  5.0% CPY-2-O2  5.0% CPY-3-O2  9.0% PUS-3-2  5.0% PY-1-O2  5.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M30 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 95.2 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6078 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4875 CC-3-V 20.75% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1203 CC-3-V1  8.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-4-V1  6.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CCG-V-F  3.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CC-3-5  8.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 116 CCP-3-1  3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.6 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.4 CLY-5-O2  5.0% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 1000 CPY-2-O2  4.75% CPY-3-O2  10.0% PUS-3-2  5.0% PY-1-O2  6.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M31 CY-3-O2  14.5% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 99.2 CCY-3-O2  7.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.5839 CCY-4-O2  7.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4821 CCY-3-O3  4.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1018 CLY-2-O4  4.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CLY-3-O2  6.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.7 CLY-3-O3  6.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.2 CPY-3-O2  5.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 162 B(S)-2O-O5  3.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.5 B(S)-2O-O4  3.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.2 CC-3-V1  6.0% CC-4-V1  5.5% CCP-3-1  5.0% CCH-23  12.0% CC-3-4  8.0% PUS-3-2  3.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M32 B(S)-2O-O4  3.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74.5 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6201 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4909 CC-3-V  36.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1292 CC-3-V1  1.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.9 CLY-3-O2  6.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.9 CLY-3-O3  5.25% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.0 CPY-2-O2  6.25% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 98 CPY-3-O2  9.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.7 PGIY-2-O4  6.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.3 PUS-3-2  5.0% PY-3-O2  15.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M33 B-2O-O5  2.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 76.5 CC-3-V  34.5% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.5921 CC-3-V1  3.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4839 CCY-3-O2  6.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1082 CCY-4-O2  5.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.9 CLY-3-O2  6.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.8 CLY-3-O3  6.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.9 CPY-2-O2  9.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 94 CPY-3-O2  5.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.6 CY-3-O2  4.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.9 PGIY-2-O4  3.0% Y-4O-O4  7.0% PUS-3-2  5.0% B(S)-2O-O5  3.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M34 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 79.7 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6043 B(S)-2O-O6  2.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4865 CC-3-V  35.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1178 CC-3-V1  4.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CCP-3-1  3.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.5 CLY-3-O2  5.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.8 CLY-3-O3  3.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 96 CPY-2-O2  7.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.6 CPY-3-O2  9.5% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.9 CY-3-O2  10.0% CY-5-O2  1.5% PGIY-2-O4  5.0% PUS-3-2  4.0% PY-1-O2  1.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M35 CPP-3-2  5.85% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 76.6 CC-3-V1  7.2% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6120 CCH-23  15.3% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4895 CC-3-4  5.85% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1225 CCY-3-O1  3.15% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CCY-3-O2 11.25% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.0 CPY-2-O2  4.95% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.5 CPY-3-O2  9.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 105 CY-3-O2 13.95% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.7 CP-3-O1  4.05% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.2 PP-1-2V1  4.5% PY-3-O2  4.95% PUS-3-2  10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M36 B(S)-2O-O5  4.5% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 77.6 CPP-3-2  5.4% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6224 CLY-3-O2  5.4% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4930 CPY-2-O2  9.45% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1294 CPY-3-O2  9.45% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 B(S)-2O-O4  4.05% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.1 CC-3-V 42.75% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.5 PY-1-O2  9.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 77 PUS-3-2  10.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.5 Σ 100.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.0

Mixture Example M37 B(S)-2O-O4  4.5% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75.6 B(S)-2O-O5  4.5% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6452 CPP-3-2  8.1% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4988 CC-3-V  13.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1464 CC-3-V1  6.75% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CC-4-V1  11.7% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.1 CCP-3-1  9.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.4 CLY-3-O2  2.25% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 91 CPY-3-O2  1.8% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.8 PY-1-O2  10.8% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.8 PY-3-O2  9.0% PYP-2-3  8.1% PUS-3-2  10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M38 B(S)-2O-O4  4.5% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75.2 B(S)-2O-O5  4.5% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6053 CC-3-V 35.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4890 CC-3-V1  9.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1163 CCP-3-1  3.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CCY-3-O1  8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CCY-3-O2  7.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.8 CLY-3-O2  5.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 76 PUS-3-2 10.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.2 PY-1-O2 10.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.0 PY-2-O2  3.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M39 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74.2 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6066 CPP-3-2  4.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4909 CC-3-V  32.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1157 CC-3-V1  6.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CCP-3-1  9.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CCY-3-O2  9.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.8 CLY-3-O2  6.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 76 PUS-3-2  5.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.6 PY-1-O2  9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.8 PY-2-O2  10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M40 B(S)-2O-O4  3.5% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75.1 B(S)-2O-O5  4.5% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6065 CPP-3-2  5.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4908 CC-3-V  32.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1157 CC-3-V1  6.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CCP-3-1  9.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.3 CCY-3-O2  8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.7 CLY-3-O2  7.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 76 PUS-3-2  5.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.6 PY-1-O2  10.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.9 PY-2-O2  8.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M41 B(S)-2O-O4  4.5% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75 B(S)-2O-O5  4.5% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6048 CC-3-V  36.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4891 CC-3-V1  8.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1157 CCP-3-1  4.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CCY-3-O1  7.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.3 CCY-3-O2  8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.7 CLY-3-O2  4.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 75 PUS-3-2  10.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.3 PY-1-O2  9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.1 PY-2-O2  4.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M42

The mixture example M42 consists of 99.98% of the Mixture example M1 and 0.02% of a compound of the formula ST-12b-1

Mixture Example M43

The mixture example M43 consists of 99.985% of the Mixture example M1 and 0.015% of a compound of the formula S1-1a

Mixture Example M44

The mixture example M44 consists of 99.98% of the Mixture example M2 and 0.02% of a compound of the formula S2-1a

Mixture Example M45 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 94.3 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1192 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6057 CC-3-V  21.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4865 CC-3-V1  8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.9 CC-4-V1  15.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-5  6.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.2 CCP-3-1  0.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 103 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.1 CLY-4-O2  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 17.9 CPY-3-O2  12.0% PYS-3-2  9.0% PY-1-O2  3.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M46 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 95 B(S)-2O-O5  4.25% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1193 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6066 CC-3-V  30.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4873 CC-3-V1  8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.2 CC-3-5  8.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CCY-3-O2  8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CLY-3-O2  9.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 108 CLY-5-O2  5.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.1 CPY-3-O2  7.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.2 PYS-3-2  12.0% Y-4O-O4  1.25% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M47 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 97.8 B(S)-2O-O5  4.25% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1212 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6084 CC-3-V  7.25% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4872 CC-3-V1  8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.3 CC-4-V1  15.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V  10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CC-3-5  8.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 109 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.8 CLY-4-O2  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.1 CLY-5-O2  5.0% CPY-3-O2  3.25% PYS-3-2  9.75% PY-1-O2  8.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M48 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 92.0 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1199 B(S)-(c5)1O-O2  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6079 CC-3-V  22.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4880 CC-3-V1  10.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.1 CC-3-4  4.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-3-5  8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CCP-3-1  5.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 111 CCP-3-3  2.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.5 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.1 CLY-4-O2  5.0% CPY-3-O2  9.0% PY-1-O2  7.5% PYS-3-2  7.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M49 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 91.5 B(S)-(c3) 1O-O2  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1200 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6079 CC-3-V  22.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4881 CC-3-V1  10.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.1 CC-3-4  4.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-3-5  8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CCP-3-1  5.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 110 CCP-3-3  2.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.3 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.2 CLY-4-O2  5.0% CPY-3-O2  9.0% PY-1-O2  7.5% PYS-3-2  7.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M50 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 94.5 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1195 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6059 CC-3-V  21.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4864 CC-3-V1   8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.9 CC-4-V1  15.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-5  6.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.2 CCP-3-1  0.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 106 CLY-3-O2  9.0% CLY-4-O2  5.0% CPY-3-O2  12.0% PYS-(c5)-2   9.0% PY-1-O2   3.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M51 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 94.5 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1190 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6056 CC-3-V  21.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4866 CC-3-V1  8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.9 CC-4-V1  15.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-5  6.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.2 CCP-3-1  0.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 102 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.2 CLY-4-O2  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.1 CPY-3-O2  12.0% PYS-3-1  9.0% PY-1-O2  3.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M52 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 94.3 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1188 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6054 CC-3-V  21.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4866 CC-3-V1  8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.9 CC-4-V1  15.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-5  6.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.2 CCP-3-1  0.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 101 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.1 CLY-4-O2  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.3 CPY-3-O2  12.0% PYS-2-1  4.0% PYS-2-2  5.0% PY-1-O2  3.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M53 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 90.9 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1206 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6087 CPP-3-2  2.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4881 CC-3-V  7.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.1 CC-3-V1  8.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-4-V1  15.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CC-5-V  10.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 108 CC-3-5  6.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.0 CCP-3-1  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.1 CLY-3-O2  9.0% CPY-3-O2  12.0% PYS-3-2  5.0% PY-1-O2  10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M54 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 91.4 B(S)-2O-O5  2.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1192 CC-3-V  17.5% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6068 CC-3-V1  9.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4876 CC-4-V1  2.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.2 CC-5-V  7.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-3-5  8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CCY-3-O2  9.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 111 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.5 CLY-3-O3  0.5% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.1 CLY-4-O2  5.0% CLY-5-O2  5.0% PYS-3-2  11.5% PY-1-O2  10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M55 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 93.8 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1199 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6090 CPP-3-2  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4891 CC-3-V  28.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CC-3-V1  10.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-5  4.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.3 CCP-3-1  5.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 104 CCP-3-3  3.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.3 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.5 CLY-4-O2  5.0% CPY-3-O2  9.0% PY-1-O2  6.5% PYS-3-2  6.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M56 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 73.4 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6401 B(S)-2O-O6  4.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4997 CPP-3-2  8.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1404 CC-3-V  41.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-3-V1  0.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.4 COB(S)-2-O4  8.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.0 PGIY-2-O4  1.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 70 PP-1-2V1  10.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.6 PYP-2-3  11.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 12.9 PYS-3-2  7.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M57 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75.1 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6395 B(S)-2O-O6  4.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4986 CPP-3-2  6.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1409 CC-3-V  40.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-3-V1  4.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.5 COB(S)-2-O4  9.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.1 PP-1-2V1  6.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 71 PYP-2-3  7.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.2 PYS-3-2  15.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 12.9 Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M58 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75.5 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6400 B(S)-2O-O6  4.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4996 CPP-3-2  8.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1404 CC-3-V  40.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-4  2.75% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.4 COB(S)-2-O4  9.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.1 PP-1-2V1  8.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 21 PYP-2-3  4.25% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 16.5 PYS-3-2  15.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 12.7 Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M59 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 95.5 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6089 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4886 CC-3-V  31.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1203 CC-3-V1  10.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-5  2.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.3 CCP-3-1  8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CLY-3-O2  9.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 103 CLY-4-O2  5.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.0 CPY-2-O2  3.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.4 CPY-3-O2  9.0% PY-1-O2  3.75% PYS-3-2  7.75% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M60 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 95.3 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6088 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4888 CC-3-V  29.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1200 CC-3-V1  10.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-5  4.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CCP-3-1  8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CLY-3-O2  9.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 106 CLY-4-O2  5.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.3 CPY-2-O2  2.5% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.6 CPY-3-O2  9.0% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 1000 PY-1-O2  4.5% PYS-3-2  7.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M61 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 94.7 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6099 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4894 CPP-3-2  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1205 CC-3-V  27.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-3-V1  10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CC-3-5  4.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CCP-3-1  8.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 108 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.2 CLY-4-O2  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.8 CPY-3-O2  9.5% PY-1-O2  7.0% PYS-3-2  5.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M62 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 94.8 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6093 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4894 CPP-3-2  3.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1199 CC-3-V  25.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-V1  8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CC-4-V1  6.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CC-3-5  3.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 107 CCP-3-1  8.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.3 CLY-3-O2  9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.5 CLY-4-O2  5.0% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 1000 CPY-3-O2  9.25% PY-1-O2  7.25% PYS-3-2  5.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M63 B(S)-2O-O4   4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]:    95.3 B(S)-2O-O5   4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]:     1.6083 B(S)-2O-O6   3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]:     1.4890 CPP-3-2  0.75% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]:     0.1193 CC-3-V 18.75% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]:     3.6 CC-3-V1   8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]:     6.6 CC-4-V1   6.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:    −3.1 CCG-V-F   3.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]:    114 CC-3-5   8.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]:    19.8 CCP-3-1   8.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]:    18.6 CLY-3-O2   9.0% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]:   1000 CLY-4-O2   4.0% CPY-3-O2  10.0% PY-1-O2   8.5% PYS-3-2   5.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M64 B(S)-2O-O4   3.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74.3 B(S)-2O-O5   4.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6216 B(S)-2O-O6   3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4904 CC-3-V  36.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1312 CC-3-V1  1.75% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.8 CLY-3-O2   6.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.9 CLY-3-O3   6.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.1 CPY-2-O2   2.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 95 CPY-3-O2   9.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.7 PYS-3-2  7.25% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.2 PGIY-2-O4   6.0% PY-3-O2  15.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M65 B(S)-2O-O4   4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 92.5 B(S)-2O-O5   4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1190 B(S)-2O-O6   3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6071 CC-3-V  22.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4881 CC-3-V1  10.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.9 CC-3-4   4.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-3-5   8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.3 CCP-3-1   5.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 105 CCP-3-3   2.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.1 CLY-3-O2   9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.3 CLY-4-O2   5.0% CPY-3-O2   9.0% PY-1-O2   7.5% PGS-2-1   7.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M66 B(S)-2O-O4   4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 91.8 B(S)-2O-O5   4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1199 B(S)-2O-O6   3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6087 CC-3-V  22.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4888 CC-3-V1  10.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.7 CC-3-4   4.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-3-5   8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.3 CCP-3-1   5.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 110 CCP-3-3   2.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.7 CLY-3-O2   9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.0 CLY-4-O2   5.0% CPY-3-O2   9.0% PY-1-O2   7.5% SGP-2-3   7.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M67 B(S)-2O-O4   4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 90.0 B(S)-2O-O5   4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1196 B(S)-2O-O6   3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6068 CC-3-V   8.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4872 CC-3-V1   8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.2 CC-4-V1  15.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V  10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CCP-3-5   6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 111 CCP-3-1   3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.9 CLY-3-O2   9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.3 CLY-5-O2   3.0% CPY-3-O2  11.5% PUS-3-2   3.0% PYS-3-2   2.0% PY-1-O2  10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M68 B(S)-2O-O4   4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 90.0 B(S)-2O-O5   4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1196 B(S)-2O-O6   3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6068 CC-3-V   8.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4872 CC-3-V1   8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.2 CC-4-V1  15.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-5-V  10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CCP-3-5   6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 109 CCP-3-1   3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.9 CLY-3-O2   9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.5 CLY-5-O2   3.0% CPY-3-O2  11.5% PYS-3-2   3.0% PGS-3-2   2.0% PY-1-O2  10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M69 B(S)-2O-O4   4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 89.5 B(S)-2O-O5   4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1197 B(S)-2O-O6   3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6070 CC-3-V   8.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4873 CC-3-V1   8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.1 CC-4-V1  15.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V  10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CCP-3-5   6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 108 CCP-3-1   3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.9 CLY-3-O2   9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.0 CLY-5-O2   3.0% CPY-3-O2  11.5% PUS-3-2   2.0% PGS-3-2   3.0% PY-1-O2  10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M70 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 97.5 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1207 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6079 CC-3-V 8.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4872 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.3 CC-4-V1 15.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.7 CCC-3-V 6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 121 CCP-3-1 3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.8 CLY-3-O2 9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.0 CLOY-3-O2 3.0% CPY-3-O2 11.5% PUS-3-2 5.0% PY-1-O2 10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M71 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 87.5 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1216 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6093 CC-3-V 8.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4876 CC-3-V1 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.2 CC-4-V1 15.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CCC-3-5 6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 111 CCP-V-1 3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 19.7 CLY-3-O2 9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 17.9 CLOY-3-O2 3.0% CPY-3-O2 11.5% PUS-3-2 5.0% PY-1-O2 10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M72 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 110.0 B(S)-2O-O5 3.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1204 B(S)-2O-O6 2.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6077 CC-3-V 16.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4873 CC-3-V1 4.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.9 CC-4-V1 15.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-5-V 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.2 CC-3-5 6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 122 CCP-3-1 3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 22.5 CLY-3-O2 9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.6 CLY-5-O2 6.5% CPY-3-O2 11.5% PUS-3-2 3.0% PPY-1-O2 10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M73 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 94.0 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1205 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6087 CC-3-V 19.5% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4882 CC-3-V1 2.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.9 CC-2-3 14.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-5 8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.2 CCP-3-1 5.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 105 CCP-3-3 2.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.0 CLY-3-O2 9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 17.7 CLY-4-O2 5.0% CPY-3-O2 9.0% PY-1-O2 3.0% PPY-3-2 5.0% PYS-3-2 7.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M74 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 92.5 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1247 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6122 CC-3-V 8.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4875 CC-2-2V1 8.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CC-4-V1 15.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CC-5-V 10.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CC-3-5 6.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 118 LPP-3-1 3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.4 CLY-3-O2 9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.4 CLY-5-O2 3.0% CPY-3-O2 11.5% PUS-3-2 5.0% PY-1-O2 10.0% 2 100.0%

Mixture Example M75 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 93.0 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1202 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6082 CC-3-V 22.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4880 CC-3-V1 4.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.8 CC-3-2V1 6.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.3 CC-3-4 4.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.1 CC-3-5 8.0% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: 103 CCP-3-1 5.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 20.6 CCP-3-3 2.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 18.8 CLY-3-O2 9.0% CLY-4-O2 5.0% CPY-3-O2 9.0% PY-1-O2 2.5% PP-1-3 5.0% PYS-3-2 7.5% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M76 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 73.8 B(S)-2O-O5 5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6130 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4903 CC-3-V 39.25% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 0.1227 CC-3-V1 10.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CLY-3-O2 9.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CPY-3-O2 6.5% γ₁ [mPa s, 20° C.]: −3.1 PGIY-2-O4 6.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.4 PGS-2-1 6.5% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.4 PY-3-O2 10.75% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M77 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74 B(S)-2O-O5 5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6138 B(S)-2O-O6 3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4909 CC-3-V 41.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1229 CC-3-V1 9.0% ε_(||) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CLY-3-O2 9.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CPY-3-O2 6.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.9 PGIY-2-O4 4.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.6 PGS-2-1 8.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.3 PY-3-O2 10.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M78 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 73.5 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6134 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4909 CC-3-V  42.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1225 CC-3-V1  6.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CLY-3-O2  9.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CPY-3-O2  9.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.9 PGIY-2-O4  0.75% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.6 PGS-2-1  9.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.2 PY-3-O2 11.25% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M79 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6118 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4903 CC-3-V  44.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1215 CC-3-V1  9.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CLY-3-O2  4.5% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.2 CPY-3-O2  7.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.7 B(S)-4O-O5  4.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.5 PGIY-2-O4  6.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.6 PGS-2-1  8.0% PY-3-O2  5.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M80 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6128 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4908 CPP-3-2  5.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1220 CC-3-V  40.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CC-3-V1  8.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.2 CLY-3-O2  9.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.7 CPY-3-O2  2.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.2 PGIY-2-O4  6.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.0 PY-3-O2  8.5% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 216 PYS-3-2  8.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M81 PY-3-O2  7.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75.1 LY-3-O2  5.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.8 CLY-3-O2  6.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.6 CPY-2-O2  7.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.8 CPY-3-O2  9.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.1 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.5 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% B(S)-2O-O6  4.0% PGIY-2-O4  6.0% PYP-2-3  2.0% CC-3-V  34.0% CC-3-V1  6.0% PUS-3-2  6.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M82 CPP-3-2  8.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75.5 PYP-2-3  10.5% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6010 CCP-V-1  10.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4870 CC-3-V  42.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1140 CC-3-V1  1.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CLP-V-1  5.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.7 PY-2-O2  12.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.2 PUS-3-2  3.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.9 Y-4O-O4  1.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 17.9 B(S)-2O-O5  4.0% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 1000 B(S)-2O-O4  3.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M83 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 73.2 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6131 B(S)-2O-O6  4.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4917 PGIY-2-O4  4.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1214 PYP-2-3  3.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CC-3-V  42.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.1 CC-3-V1  7.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.6 CLY-3-O2  6.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.3 CPP-3-2  7.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.3 PY-3-O2  8.0% COB(S)-2-O4  4.5% PUS-3-2  5.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M84 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 72.5 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6125 B(S)-2O-O6  2.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4916 PGIY-2-O4  4.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1209 PYP-2-3  3.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CC-3-V  43.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.2 CC-3-V1  6.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.6 CLY-3-O2  5.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.8 CPP-3-2  7.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.0 PY-3-O2  9.0% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 336 COB(S)-2-O4  7.0% PUS-3-2  5.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M85 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 72.8 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6135 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4918 PGIY-2-O4  5.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1217 PYP-2-3  2.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-3-V  43.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.3 CC-3-V1  5.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.8 CLY-3-O2  7.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.9 CPP-3-2  6.5% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.2 PY-3-O2  9.0% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 144 COB(S)-2-O4  5.0% PUS-3-2  5.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M86 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 73.5 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6170 B(S)-2O-O6  2.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4919 PGIY-2-O4  6.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1251 PYP-2-3  2.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-3-V  43.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CC-3-V1  3.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CLY-3-O2  7.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.5 CPP-3-2  5.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 12.9 PY-3-O2  9.5% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 312 COB(S)-2-O4  5.5% PUS-3-2  5.5% CPY-3-O2  2.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M87 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74.2 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6171 B(S)-2O-O6  2.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4925 PGIY-2-O4  6.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1246 PYP-2-3  2.5% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CC-3-V  46.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CLY-3-O2  7.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.9 CPP-3-2  5.5% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.9 PY-3-O2  8.5% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 13.1 COB(S)-2-O4  6.0% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 312 PUS-3-2  5.5% CPY-3-O2  2.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M88 PY-3-O2  13.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75.1 CLY-3-O2  7.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6239 CLY-3-O3  4.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4915 CPY-3-O2  10.0% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1324 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.8 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.6 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.8 PGIY-2-O4  6.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.4 PYP-2-3  2.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.5 CC-3-V  35.0% CC-3-V1  5.0% PUS-3-2  6.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M89 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75.5 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6123 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4898 CC-3-V  46.5% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1225 CC-3-V1  2.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CLY-3-O2  9.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CPY-3-O2  10.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.9 PGIY-2-O4  6.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.2 PUS-3-2  8.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.3 PY-3-O2  6.5% LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]: 192 Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M90 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 75 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6118 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4896 CC-3-V 40.25% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1222 CC-3-V1  9.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CLY-3-O2  9.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CLY-3-O3  1.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.8 CPY-3-O2  6.75% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.3 PGIY-2-O4  6.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.5 PUS-3-2  8.0% PY-3-O2  8.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M91 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 74 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6105 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4895 CC-3-V 40.25% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1210 CC-3-V1  9.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CLY-3-O2  5.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CCOY-3-O2  5.0% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CPY-3-O2  6.75% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 15.1 PGIY-2-O4  6.0% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.2 PUS-3-2  8.0% PY-3-O2  8.0% Σ 100.0%

Mixture Example M92 B(S)-2O-O4  4.0% T_((N,I)) [° C.]: 71.5 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% n_(e) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.6101 B(S)-2O-O6  3.0% n_(o) [589 nm, 20° C.]: 1.4900 CC-3-V 39.25% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1201 CC-3-V1  10.0% ε_(∥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CCOY-3-O2  9.0% ε_(⊥) [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.2 CPY-3-O2  6.5% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.5 PGIY-2-O4  6.0% K₁ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.8 PGS-2-1  6.5% K₃ [pN, 20° C.]: 14.4 PY-3-O2 10.75% Σ 100.0%

Polymerisable Mixtures

The polymerisable mixtures P1 to P9 are prepared from the nematic mixtures given in Table 1 by adding a reactive mesogen (RM) selected from the group of compounds of the formulae RM-1, RM-17, RM-35, RM-64 and RM-171, in the amount given in Table 1 (% RM).

TABLE 1 Polymerisable Mixtures LC Mixture Host RM % RM P1 M1 RM-1 0.3 P2 M2 RM-17 0.3 P3 M3 RM-35 0.3 P4 M4 RM-64 0.3 P5 M5 RM1 0.25 P6 M6 RM-17 0.25 P7 M7 RM-35 0.25 P8 M8 RM-64 0.25 P9 M9 RM-171 0.35

RM-1

RM-17

RM-35

RM-64

RM-145

RM-163

RM-171

Mixture Example P10

The polymerisable mixture P10 consists of 99.434% of Mixture Example M1, 0.300% of RM-1, 0.200% of RM-145, 0.050% of RM-163, 0.001% of Irganox® 1076 and 0.015% of the compound ST-3a-1.

The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the preceding examples.

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The preceding preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. From the description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions.

The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and publications, cited herein and of corresponding application No. PCT/CN2022/100661, filed Jun. 23, 2022, are incorporated by reference herein. 

1. A liquid crystal medium comprising a) one or more compounds of formula I

in which R¹ and R², identically or differently, denote H, halogen, straight chain alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15 C atoms, straight chain alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 15 C atoms or branched alkyl or alkoxy or alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 3 to 15 C atoms, where one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of one another, by

—C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH═CH—, —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, A⁰, A¹, and A², each, independently of one another, denote phenylene-1,4-diyl, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N and one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, CN, CH₃, CHF₂, CH₂F, CF₃, OCH₃, OCHF₂ or OCF₃, or denote cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, in which one or two non-adjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced, independently of one another, by O and/or S and one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, or denote cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]-pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, Z¹ and Z², each, independently of one another, denote —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —C₂H₄—, —C₂F₄, —CF₂CH₂—, —CH₂CF₂—, —CFHCFH—, —CFHCH₂—, —CH₂CFH—, —CF₂CFH—, —CFHCF₂—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C— or a single bond, m denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, and n denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3; and b) one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID

in which R^(2A), R^(2B), R^(2C) and R^(2D) identically or differently, denote H, straight chain alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15 C atoms, straight chain alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 15 C atoms or branched alkyl or alkoxy or alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 3 to 15 C atoms, where one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of one another, by

—C≡C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH═CH—, by —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, L¹ and L², each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CF₃ or CHF₂, Y denotes H, F, Cl, CF₃, CHF₂ or CH₃, Z², Z^(2B) and Z^(2D) each, independently of one another, denote a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH═CH—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C₂F₄—, —CF═CF— or —CH═CHCH₂O—, (O) denotes O or a single bond, p denotes 0, 1 or 2, q denotes 0 or 1, and v denotes an integer from 1 to
 6. 2. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of the one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID is in the range of 9% to 70%.
 3. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the one or more compounds of formula I are selected from the group of compounds of formulae I-1 to I-6

in which R¹ and R² have the meanings given for formula I, L is halogen, CN, CH₃, CHF₂, CH₂F, CF₃, OCH₃, OCHF₂ or OCF₃, and r, s and t independently are 0, 1, 2, 3, or
 4. 4. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 3, wherein the group

in the formulae I-1 to 1-6 denotes


5. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium further comprises one or more compounds of formula III

in which R³¹ and R³² each, independently of one another, denote H, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, where one or more CH₂ groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of one another, by

—C═C—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH═CH—, by —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, A³¹ on each occurrence, independently of one another, denotes a) 1,4-cyclohexenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene radical, in which one or two non-adjacent CH₂ groups may be replaced by —O— or —S—, b) a 1,4-phenylene radical, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, or c) a radical selected from the group consisting of spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl and fluorene-2,7-diyl, where the radicals a), b) and c) may be mono- or polysubstituted by halogen atoms, n denotes 0, 1 or 2, Z³¹ on each occurrence independently of one another denotes —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —CH═CH—CH₂O—, —C₂F₄—, —CH₂CF₂—, —CF₂CH₂—CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or a single bond, L³¹ and L³² each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CF₃ or CHF₂, and W denotes O or S.
 6. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 5, wherein W in formula III denotes S.
 7. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium further comprises one or more compounds of formula IV

in which R⁴¹ denotes an unsubstituted alkyl radical having 1 to 7 C atoms or an unsubstituted alkenyl radical having 2 to 7 C atoms, and R⁴² denotes an unsubstituted alkyl radical having 1 to 7 C atoms or an unsubstituted alkoxy radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, or an unsubstituted alkenyl radical having 2 to 7 C atoms.
 8. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium further comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae IV-3-1 and IV-3-2:

in which alkyl denotes n-alkyl having 1 to 7 C-atoms.
 9. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium further comprises one or more compounds of the formula V

in which R⁵¹ and R⁵² denote, each independently, alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 7 C atoms,

identically or differently, denote

Z⁵¹ and Z⁵², identically or differently, denote —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—O—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —COO— or a single bond, and n is 1 or
 2. 10. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium has a birefringence of 0.105 or more.
 11. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium comprises a polymerisable compound.
 12. A liquid crystal display comprising the liquid crystal medium according to claim
 1. 13. The liquid crystal display of claim 12, wherein the display is a VA, IPS, FFS, PS-VA, PS-IPS or PS-FFS type display.
 14. An energy saving display for gaming comprising the liquid crystal medium according to claim
 1. 15. A process of preparing a liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising mixing one or more compounds of formula I with one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID, and optionally with a polymerisable compound or further liquid crystal compounds or additives. 